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		<ns0:Id>20250SB__082198AMD</ns0:Id>
		<ns0:VersionNum>98</ns0:VersionNum>
		<ns0:History>
			<ns0:Action>
				<ns0:ActionText>INTRODUCED</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2025-02-21</ns0:ActionDate>
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			<ns0:Action>
				<ns0:ActionText>AMENDED_SENATE</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2025-04-02</ns0:ActionDate>
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		<ns0:LegislativeInfo>
			<ns0:SessionYear>2025</ns0:SessionYear>
			<ns0:SessionNum>0</ns0:SessionNum>
			<ns0:MeasureType>SB</ns0:MeasureType>
			<ns0:MeasureNum>821</ns0:MeasureNum>
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		<ns0:AuthorText authorType="LEAD_AUTHOR">Introduced by Senator Arreguín</ns0:AuthorText>
		<ns0:Authors>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>LEAD_AUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>SENATE</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Arreguín</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
		</ns0:Authors>
		<ns0:Title>An act to amend Section 849 of the Penal Code, and to add Section 631.2 to the Welfare and Institutions Code, relating to criminal procedure.</ns0:Title>
		<ns0:RelatingClause>criminal procedure</ns0:RelatingClause>
		<ns0:GeneralSubject>
			<ns0:Subject>Criminal procedure: arraignment.</ns0:Subject>
		</ns0:GeneralSubject>
		<ns0:DigestText>
			<html:p>Existing law requires a person arrested without a warrant to be taken before the nearest magistrate in the county in which the offense is triable without delay. Existing law also authorizes a peace officer to release the arrested person from custody instead of taking them before a magistrate under certain specified circumstances, including if the person was arrested for intoxication only. Existing law requires the court, during the in-custody appearance of a person charged with a misdemeanor, to determine whether there is probable cause to believe that a public offense has been committed.</html:p>
			<html:p>This bill would require the court to promptly, but no later than 48 hours after a warrantless arrest, review the basis for the arrest and make an initial determination whether probable cause exists that an offense has been committed and that the arrested
			 person committed it if the defendant remains in custody, as specified. The bill would require that if the court makes an initial finding of no probable cause, the court to order the person to be released immediately and provide notice to both the arrested person and the person having custody of the arrested person.</html:p>
			<html:p>Existing law similarly requires a juvenile that has been arrested to be released with 48 hours, excluding judicial holidays, unless a petition has been filed to make the minor a ward of the court or charges have been filed charging the minor as an adult.</html:p>
			<html:p>This bill would
			 require the court to promptly, but no later than 48 hours after a juvenile is taken into custody,
			 make a determination whether an offense has been committed and whether the juvenile in custody committed it, as specified. The bill would require that if the court makes an initial finding of no probable cause, the court to order the juvenile to be released
			 immediately and provide notice to the juvenile, the person or entity having custody of the juvenile, and the public defender or indigent defense provider.</html:p>
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			<ns0:VoteRequired>MAJORITY</ns0:VoteRequired>
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			<ns0:FiscalCommittee>YES</ns0:FiscalCommittee>
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	<ns0:Bill id="bill">
		<ns0:Preamble>The people of the State of California do enact as follows:</ns0:Preamble>
		<ns0:BillSection id="id_4CF2C269-FF86-4871-88F3-CF73CB645E58">
			<ns0:Num>SECTION 1.</ns0:Num>
			<ns0:Content>
				<html:p>The Legislature finds and declares all of the following:</html:p>
				<html:p>
					(a)
					<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
					According to the Committee on Revision of the Penal Code’s 2022 Annual Report, despite a United States Supreme Court case arising from the County of Riverside more than 30 years ago, California has not codified a core requirement of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution that every arrest shall be promptly reviewed by a neutral judge. In juvenile cases, current law allows three to seven
				days to pass before a judicial review of the arrest.
				</html:p>
				<html:p>
					(b)
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					It is the intent of the Legislature to codify the holding in County of Riverside v. McLaughlin (1991) 500 U.S. 44 that every warrantless arrest be reviewed by a judicial officer for probable cause promptly after arrest, that probable cause determinations made after 48 hours requires the government to demonstrate the existence of a bona fide emergency or other extraordinary circumstance.
				</html:p>
				<html:p>
					(c)
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					It is the intent of the Legislature to abrogate the holding of Alfredo A. v. Superior Court (1994) 6 Cal.4th 1212 that a probable cause determination for juveniles may occur more than 48 hours after arrest.
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		<ns0:BillSection id="id_89336DA5-4BD6-4F75-BC9A-A04AA4B4641C">
			<ns0:Num>SEC. 2.</ns0:Num>
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				Section 849 of the 
				<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
				 is amended to read:
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					<ns0:Num>849.</ns0:Num>
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								(a)
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								(1)
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								When an arrest is made without a warrant by a peace officer or private person, the person arrested, if not otherwise released, shall, without unnecessary delay, be taken before the nearest or most accessible magistrate in the county in which the offense is triable, and a complaint stating the charge against the arrested person shall be laid before the magistrate.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
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								Promptly after any warrantless arrest for which the defendant remains in custody, but no later than 48 hours after the arrest, the court shall review the basis for the arrest and make an
						initial determination whether probable cause exists that an offense has been committed and that the arrested person committed it.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(3)
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								If a probable cause determination has not been made within 48 hours, the prosecution shall demonstrate the existence of a bona fide emergency or other extraordinary circumstance.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(4)
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								The initial probable cause determination described in paragraph (2) may be based on sworn statements from the arresting officer or a police report, may be conducted in chambers or remotely by the court, and need not be an adversarial proceeding. The determination may also occur at
						an arraignment proceeding.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(5)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								If the court makes an initial finding of no probable cause pursuant to paragraph (2), the court shall order the person to be released immediately, and shall immediately convey the order to both the person having custody of the arrested person and to the arrested person.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(6)
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								(A)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The court shall make a record of the initial determination of probable cause in the court file.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(B)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The record
						shall include, but is not limited to, the initial determination of whether the arrest was supported by probable cause, the time and date of the arrest, the time of the initial determination of probable cause, and any materials relied on by the court in making the determination.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(7)
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								An initial determination of probable cause pursuant to this subdivision shall not be binding on the court in a preliminary hearing or any other future evidentiary proceeding to determine the existence of probable cause.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(b)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A peace officer may release from custody, instead of taking the person before a magistrate, a person arrested without a warrant in the following circumstances:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(1)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The officer is satisfied that there are insufficient grounds for making a criminal complaint against the person arrested.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
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								The person arrested was arrested for intoxication only, and no further proceedings are desirable.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(3)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The person was arrested only for being under the influence of a controlled substance or drug and the person is delivered to a facility or hospital for treatment and no further proceedings are desirable.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(4)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The person was arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs and the person is delivered to a hospital for medical treatment that prohibits immediate delivery before a magistrate.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(5)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The person was arrested and subsequently delivered to a hospital or other urgent care facility, including, but not limited to, a facility for the treatment of co-occurring substance use disorders, for mental health evaluation and treatment, and no further proceedings are desirable.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(6)
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								The person was arrested and subsequently delivered or referred to a public health or social service organization that provides services, including, but not limited to, housing, medical care, treatment for alcohol or substance use disorders, psychological counseling, or employment training and education, the organization agrees to accept the delivery or referral, and no further proceedings are desirable.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(c)
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								The record of arrest of a person released pursuant to paragraph (1), (3), (5), or (6) of subdivision (b) shall include a record of release. Thereafter, the arrest shall not be deemed an arrest, but a detention only.
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		<ns0:BillSection id="id_72CCE5B8-7554-435E-A4A4-2795A4EC14C8">
			<ns0:Num>SEC. 3.</ns0:Num>
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				Section 631.2 is added to the 
				<ns0:DocName>Welfare and Institutions Code</ns0:DocName>
				, to read:
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				<ns0:LawSection id="id_0BBBD535-708C-42E4-BDF2-B4FF6CFEDB02">
					<ns0:Num>631.2.</ns0:Num>
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							<html:p>
								(a)
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								Promptly after any warrantless arrest for which a minor remains in custody, but no later than 48 hours after the arrest, the court shall review the basis for the arrest and make an initial determination whether probable cause exists that an offense has been committed and whether the minor in custody committed it. Notwithstanding Section 246, this determination may be made by a magistrate.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(b)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								If a probable cause determination has not been made within 48 hours, the prosecution shall demonstrate the existence of a bona fide emergency or other extraordinary circumstance.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(c)
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								The initial probable cause determination described in this section may be based on sworn statements from
						the arresting officer or a police report, may be conducted in chambers or remotely by the court, and does not need to be an adversarial proceeding. The determination may also occur at a detention hearing described in Section 632 if that hearing occurs within 48 hours of the arrest.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(d)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								If the court makes an initial finding of no probable cause pursuant to this section, the court shall order the minor to be released immediately, and shall immediately convey the order to the person or entity having custody of the minor, the minor, and the public defender or indigent defense provider specified in subdivision (c) of Section 627.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(e)
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								(1)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The court shall make a record of the initial determination of probable cause in the court file.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The record shall include, but not be limited to, each of the
						following:
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							<html:p>
								(A)
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								The initial determination of whether the arrest was supported by probable cause.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(B)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The time and date of the arrest.
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							<html:p>
								(C)
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								The time and date of the initial determination of probable cause.
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							<html:p>
								(D)
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								The materials relied on by the court in making the probable cause determination.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(f)
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								An initial determination of probable cause pursuant to this subdivision is not binding on the court in a preliminary hearing or any other future evidentiary proceeding to determine the existence of probable cause, including whether a prima facie showing has been made pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 635.
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