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<ns0:Id>20250SB__068393CHP</ns0:Id>
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<ns0:LegislativeInfo>
<ns0:SessionYear>2025</ns0:SessionYear>
<ns0:SessionNum>0</ns0:SessionNum>
<ns0:MeasureType>SB</ns0:MeasureType>
<ns0:MeasureNum>683</ns0:MeasureNum>
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<ns0:AuthorText authorType="LEAD_AUTHOR">Introduced by Senator Cortese</ns0:AuthorText>
<ns0:Authors>
<ns0:Legislator>
<ns0:Contribution>LEAD_AUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
<ns0:House>SENATE</ns0:House>
<ns0:Name>Cortese</ns0:Name>
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<ns0:Title>An act to amend Section 3344 of the Civil Code, relating to privacy.</ns0:Title>
<ns0:RelatingClause>privacy</ns0:RelatingClause>
<ns0:GeneralSubject>
<ns0:Subject>Privacy: use of a person’s name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness: injunctive relief.</ns0:Subject>
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<ns0:DigestText>
<html:p>Existing law makes any person who knowingly uses another’s name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness in products, merchandise, or goods, or for purposes of advertising or selling, or soliciting purchases of, products, merchandise, goods, or services, without that person’s prior consent liable for damages, as specified.</html:p>
<html:p>This bill would provide that a party seeking relief pursuant to those provisions may also seek an injunction or temporary restraining order according to specified procedures. The bill would require the respondent to comply with the order within 2 business days from the day the order is served, unless otherwise required by the order, if the court grants the applicant a temporary restraining order without notice to the opposing party that requires the respondent to remove, recall, or otherwise cease the publication or
distribution of the petitioner’s name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness. The bill would make other nonsubstantive changes.</html:p>
<html:p>This bill would incorporate additional changes to Section 3344 of the Civil Code proposed by SB 11 to be operative only if this bill and SB 11 are enacted and this bill is enacted last.</html:p>
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<ns0:VoteRequired>MAJORITY</ns0:VoteRequired>
<ns0:Appropriation>NO</ns0:Appropriation>
<ns0:FiscalCommittee>NO</ns0:FiscalCommittee>
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<ns0:Preamble>The people of the State of California do enact as follows:</ns0:Preamble>
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<ns0:Num>SECTION 1.</ns0:Num>
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Section 3344 of the
<ns0:DocName>Civil Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:LawSection id="id_5B3651DA-1F5F-4034-95E3-5441EC4ED1A7">
<ns0:Num>3344.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
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(1)
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Any person who knowingly uses another’s name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness, in any manner, on or in products, merchandise, or goods, or for purposes of advertising or selling, or soliciting purchases of, products, merchandise, goods, or services, without that person’s prior consent, or, in the case of a minor, the prior consent of their parent or legal guardian, shall be liable for any damages sustained by the person or persons injured as a result thereof. In addition, in any action brought under this section, the person who violated the
section shall be liable to the injured party or parties in an amount equal to the greater of seven hundred fifty dollars ($750) or the actual damages suffered by them as a result of the unauthorized use, and any profits from the unauthorized use that are attributable to the use and are not taken into account in computing the actual damages. In establishing these profits, the injured party or parties are required to present proof only of the gross revenue attributable to the unauthorized use, and the person who violated this section is required to prove their deductible expenses. Punitive damages may also be awarded to the injured party
or parties. The prevailing party in any action under this section shall also be entitled to attorney’s fees and costs.
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<html:p>
(2)
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In addition to the remedies available in paragraph (1), a party may seek an injunction or temporary restraining order pursuant to Section 527 of the Code of Civil Procedure. If the court grants the applicant an order under subdivision (c) of Section 527 of the Code of Civil Procedure that requires the respondent to remove, recall, or otherwise cease the publication or distribution of the petitioner’s name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness, the respondent shall complete the removal or recall, or cease the publication or distribution, within two business days from the day the order is served, unless otherwise required by the order.
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<html:p>
(b)
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As used in this
section, “photograph” means any photograph or photographic reproduction, still or moving, or any videotape or live television transmission, of any person, such that the person is readily identifiable.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
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A person shall be deemed to be readily identifiable from a photograph when one who views the photograph with the naked eye can reasonably determine that the person depicted in the photograph is the same person who is complaining of its unauthorized use.
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<html:p>
(2)
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If the photograph includes more than one person so identifiable, then the person or persons complaining of the use shall be represented as individuals rather than solely as members of a definable group represented in the
photograph. A definable group includes, but is not limited to, the following examples: a crowd at any sporting event, a crowd in any street or public building, the audience at any theatrical or stage production, a glee club, or a baseball team.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
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A person or persons shall be considered to be represented as members of a definable group if they are represented in the photograph solely as a result of being present at the time the photograph was taken and have not been singled out as individuals in any manner.
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<html:p>
(c)
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Where a photograph or likeness of an employee of the person using the photograph or likeness appearing in the advertisement or other publication prepared by or in behalf of the user is only incidental, and not essential, to the purpose of the publication in which
it appears, there shall arise a rebuttable presumption affecting the burden of producing evidence that the failure to obtain the consent of the employee was not a knowing use of the employee’s photograph or likeness.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
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For purposes of this section, a use of a name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness in connection with any news,
public affairs, or sports broadcast or account, or any political campaign, shall not constitute a use for which consent is required under subdivision (a).
</html:p>
<html:p>
(e)
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The use of a name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness in a commercial medium shall not constitute a use for which consent is required under subdivision (a) solely because the material containing the use is commercially sponsored or contains paid advertising. Rather it shall be a question of fact whether or not the use of the person’s name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness was so directly connected with the commercial sponsorship or with the paid advertising as to constitute a use for which consent is required under subdivision (a).
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<html:p>
(f)
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Nothing in this section shall apply to the owners or employees
of any medium used for advertising, including, but not limited to, newspapers, magazines, radio and television networks and stations, cable television systems, billboards, and transit ads, by whom any advertisement or solicitation in violation of this section is published or disseminated, unless it is established that those owners or employees had knowledge of the unauthorized use of the person’s name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness as prohibited by this section.
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<html:p>
(g)
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The remedies provided for in this section are cumulative and shall be in addition to any others provided for by law.
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<ns0:BillSection id="id_12B6D34E-75EE-4EBC-8F7D-C1B232AA1379">
<ns0:Num>SEC. 1.5.</ns0:Num>
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Section 3344 of the
<ns0:DocName>Civil Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:LawSection id="id_569BEAA3-1419-4B1E-88BF-6AF1E65FFF7A">
<ns0:Num>3344.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Any person who knowingly uses another’s name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness, in any manner, on or in products, merchandise, or goods, or for purposes of advertising or selling, or soliciting purchases of, products, merchandise, goods, or services, without
that person’s prior consent, or, in the case of a minor, the prior consent of their parent or legal guardian, shall be liable for any damages sustained by the person or persons injured as a result thereof. In addition, in any action brought under this section, the person who violated the section shall be liable to the injured party or parties in an amount equal to the greater of seven hundred fifty dollars ($750) or the actual damages suffered by them as a result of the unauthorized use, and any profits from the unauthorized use that are attributable to the use and are not
taken into account in computing the actual damages. In establishing these profits, the injured party or parties are required to present proof only of the gross revenue attributable to the unauthorized use, and the person who violated this section is required to prove their deductible expenses. Punitive damages may also be awarded to the injured party or parties. The prevailing party in any action under this section shall
also be entitled to attorney’s fees and costs.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
In addition to the remedies available in paragraph (1), a party may seek an injunction or temporary restraining order pursuant to Section 527 of the Code of Civil Procedure. If the court grants the applicant an order under subdivision (c) of Section 527 of the Code of Civil Procedure that requires the respondent to remove, recall, or otherwise cease the publication or distribution of the petitioner’s name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness, the respondent shall complete the removal or recall, or cease the publication or distribution, within two business days from the day the order is served, unless otherwise required by the order.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
As used in this section, “photograph” means any photograph or photographic
reproduction, still or moving, or any videotape or live television transmission, of any person, such that the person is readily identifiable.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A person shall be deemed to be readily identifiable from a photograph when one who views the photograph with the naked eye can reasonably determine that the person depicted in the photograph is the same person who is complaining of its unauthorized use.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
If the photograph includes more than one person so identifiable, then the person or persons complaining of the use shall be represented as individuals rather than solely as members of a definable group represented in the photograph. A definable group includes, but is not limited to, the following examples: a crowd at any sporting event, a crowd in any street or public building, the audience at any theatrical or stage production, a glee club, or a baseball team.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A person or persons shall be considered to be represented as members of a definable group if they are represented in the photograph solely as a result of being present at the time the photograph was taken and have not been singled out as individuals in any manner.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
For purposes of this section, a use of a name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness in connection with any news, public affairs, or sports broadcast or account, or any political campaign, shall not constitute a use for which consent is required under subdivision (a).
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The use of a name, voice, signature, photograph, or
likeness in a commercial medium shall not constitute a use for which consent is required under subdivision (a) solely because the material containing the use is commercially sponsored or contains paid advertising. Rather it shall be a question of fact whether or not the use of the person’s name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness was so directly connected with the commercial sponsorship or with the paid advertising as to constitute a use for which consent is required under subdivision (a).
</html:p>
<html:p>
(e)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Nothing in this section shall apply to the owners or employees of any medium used for advertising, including, but not limited to, newspapers, magazines, radio and television networks and stations, cable television systems, billboards, and transit ads, by whom any advertisement or solicitation in violation of this section is published or disseminated, unless it is established that those owners or employees had knowledge of the unauthorized use of the person’s name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness as prohibited by this section.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(f)
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For the purposes of this section, a voice or likeness includes a digital replica, as defined in Section 3344.1.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(g)
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The remedies provided for in this section are cumulative and shall be in addition to any others provided for by law.
</html:p>
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<ns0:BillSection id="id_C9D7F121-75F7-462C-B321-39329C97A7A5">
<ns0:Num>SEC. 2.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>Section 1.5 of this bill incorporates amendments to Section 3344 of the Civil Code proposed by both this bill and Senate Bill 11. That section of this bill shall only become operative if (1) both bills are enacted and become effective on or before January 1, 2026, (2) each bill amends Section 3344 of the Civil Code, and (3) this bill is enacted after Senate Bill 11, in which case Section 1 of this bill shall not become operative.</html:p>
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