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		<ns0:Id>20250AB__062193CHP</ns0:Id>
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				<ns0:ActionText>INTRODUCED</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2025-02-13</ns0:ActionDate>
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				<ns0:ActionText>AMENDED_ASSEMBLY</ns0:ActionText>
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				<ns0:ActionText>CHAPTERED</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2025-10-13</ns0:ActionDate>
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				<ns0:ActionText>APPROVED</ns0:ActionText>
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				<ns0:ActionText>FILED</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2025-10-13</ns0:ActionDate>
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		<ns0:LegislativeInfo>
			<ns0:SessionYear>2025</ns0:SessionYear>
			<ns0:SessionNum>0</ns0:SessionNum>
			<ns0:MeasureType>AB</ns0:MeasureType>
			<ns0:MeasureNum>621</ns0:MeasureNum>
			<ns0:MeasureState>CHP</ns0:MeasureState>
			<ns0:ChapterYear>2025</ns0:ChapterYear>
			<ns0:ChapterType>CHP</ns0:ChapterType>
			<ns0:ChapterSessionNum>0</ns0:ChapterSessionNum>
			<ns0:ChapterNum>673</ns0:ChapterNum>
		</ns0:LegislativeInfo>
		<ns0:AuthorText authorType="LEAD_AUTHOR">Introduced by Assembly Members Bauer-Kahan and Berman</ns0:AuthorText>
		<ns0:AuthorText authorType="COAUTHOR_ORIGINATING">(Coauthors: Assembly Members Alanis, Bryan, Dixon, Irwin, Lowenthal, Ortega, Pellerin, and Wicks)</ns0:AuthorText>
		<ns0:Authors>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>LEAD_AUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Bauer-Kahan</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>LEAD_AUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Berman</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Alanis</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Bryan</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Dixon</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Irwin</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Lowenthal</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Ortega</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Pellerin</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Wicks</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
		</ns0:Authors>
		<ns0:Title>An act to amend Section 1708.86 of the Civil Code, relating to the internet.</ns0:Title>
		<ns0:RelatingClause>the internet</ns0:RelatingClause>
		<ns0:GeneralSubject>
			<ns0:Subject>Deepfake pornography.</ns0:Subject>
		</ns0:GeneralSubject>
		<ns0:DigestText>
			<html:p>Existing law grants to a depicted individual a cause of action against a person who creates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit material if the person knows, or reasonably should have known, that the depicted individual in that material did not consent to its creation or disclosure or who intentionally discloses sexually explicit material that the person did not create if the person knows the depicted individual in that material did not consent to the creation of the sexually explicit material. Existing law defines “sexually explicit material” for purposes of that provision to mean any portion of an audiovisual work that shows the depicted individual performing in the nude or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct and defines “depicted individual” to mean an individual who appears, as a result of digitization, to be giving a performance the individual did
		not actually perform or to be performing in an altered depiction. Existing law authorizes a plaintiff to recover, among other relief, statutory damages of not less than $1,500 but not more than $30,000, or $150,000 for a malicious violation, as prescribed.</html:p>
			<html:p>This bill would revise and recast the provision described above to additionally grant to a depicted individual a cause of action against a person who knows, or reasonably should know, that the depicted individual was a minor when the digitized sexually explicit material was created and would additionally grant a cause of action to that depicted individual against a person who knowingly facilitates or recklessly aids or abets conduct prohibited by that provision. The bill would define “digitized sexually explicit material” to mean any portion of a visual or audiovisual work created or substantially altered through digitization, including an image, that shows the depicted individual in the nude or appearing to
		engage in, or being subjected to, sexual conduct.</html:p>
			<html:p> This bill would make a person that provides a service that enables the ongoing operation of a deepfake pornography service presumed to be engaged in knowing facilitation or reckless aiding or abetting, as described above, if a depicted individual or public prosecutor provides the person with evidence sufficient to demonstrate that the person is providing services that enable the ongoing operation of a deepfake pornography service that engages in conduct described in the provisions described above, and the person fails to take all necessary steps to stop providing services that enable the ongoing operation of a deepfake pornography service within 30 days of receiving that evidence, as specified. This bill would increase the maximum statutory damages available to a depicted individual to $50,000 if the violation was not malicious and $250,000 for a malicious violation and would authorize certain public attorneys to
		bring a civil action to enforce these provisions, as specified.</html:p>
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			<ns0:VoteRequired>MAJORITY</ns0:VoteRequired>
			<ns0:Appropriation>NO</ns0:Appropriation>
			<ns0:FiscalCommittee>YES</ns0:FiscalCommittee>
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	<ns0:Bill id="bill">
		<ns0:Preamble>The people of the State of California do enact as follows:</ns0:Preamble>
		<ns0:BillSection id="id_76D25BE8-6EA2-4085-B9F9-E284E7E0499C">
			<ns0:Num>SECTION 1.</ns0:Num>
			<ns0:ActionLine action="IS_AMENDED" ns3:href="urn:caml:codes:CIV:caml#xpointer(%2Fcaml%3ALawDoc%2Fcaml%3ACode%2Fcaml%3ALawHeading%5B%40type%3D'DIVISION'%20and%20caml%3ANum%3D'3.'%5D%2Fcaml%3ALawHeading%5B%40type%3D'PART'%20and%20caml%3ANum%3D'3.'%5D%2Fcaml%3ALawSection%5Bcaml%3ANum%3D'1708.86.'%5D)" ns3:label="fractionType: LAW_SECTION" ns3:type="locator">
				Section 1708.86 of the 
				<ns0:DocName>Civil Code</ns0:DocName>
				 is amended to read:
			</ns0:ActionLine>
			<ns0:Fragment>
				<ns0:LawSection id="id_DB1F3332-654D-4A95-8FA9-89D011C3AF42">
					<ns0:Num>1708.86.</ns0:Num>
					<ns0:LawSectionVersion id="id_126D255E-1178-4692-8F0F-4EB93345A2CC">
						<ns0:Content>
							<html:p>
								(a)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								For purposes of this section:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(1)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Authorized representative” means an attorney, talent agent, or personal manager authorized to represent a depicted individual if the depicted individual is represented.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								(A)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Consent” means an agreement written in plain language signed knowingly and voluntarily by the depicted individual that includes a general description of the digitized sexually explicit material and the visual or audiovisual work in which it will be incorporated.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(B)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A depicted individual may rescind consent by delivering written notice within three business days from the date consent was given to the
				  person in whose favor consent was made, unless one of the following requirements is satisfied:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(i)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The depicted individual is given at least 72 hours to review the terms of the agreement before signing it.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(ii)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The depicted individual’s authorized representative provides written approval of the signed agreement.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(3)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Deepfake pornography service” means an internet website, mobile application, or other service the primary purpose of which is to create digitized sexually explicit material.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(4)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Depicted individual” means an individual who is portrayed in sexually explicit material.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(5)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Despicable conduct” means conduct that is so vile, base, or contemptible that it would be looked down on
				  and despised by a reasonable person.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(6)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Digitization” means a process by which any of the following are realistically depicted:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(A)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The nude body parts of another human being as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(B)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the depicted individual.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(C)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The depicted individual engaging in sexual conduct in which the depicted individual did not engage.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(7)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Digitized sexually explicit material” means any portion of a visual or audiovisual work created or substantially altered through digitization, including an image, that shows the depicted individual in the nude or appearing to engage in, or being subjected to, sexual
				  conduct.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(8)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Disclose” means to publish, make available, or distribute to the public.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(9)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Individual” means a natural person.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(10)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								(A)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Malice” means an intent to cause harm to the depicted individual or to engage in despicable conduct with a willful and knowing disregard of the rights of the depicted individual.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								 (B)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A person acts with knowing disregard within the meaning of this paragraph when the person is aware of the probable harmful consequences of their conduct and deliberately fails to avoid those consequences.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(11)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Nude” means visible genitals, pubic area, anus, or a female’s postpubescent nipple or areola.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(12)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Person” means a natural person or legal entity.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(13)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Plaintiff” includes cross-plaintiff.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(14)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Public prosecutor” means the Attorney General, a city attorney, county counsel, district attorney, or any other city or county prosecutor.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(15)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Sexual conduct” means any of the following:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(A)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Masturbation.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(B)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Sexual intercourse, including genital, oral, or anal, whether between persons regardless of sex or gender or between humans and animals.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(C)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Sexual penetration of the vagina or rectum by, or with, an object.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(D)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The transfer of semen by means of sexual conduct from the penis directly onto the depicted individual as a result of ejaculation.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(E)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Sadomasochistic abuse involving the depicted individual.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(b)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A depicted individual has a cause of action against a person who does any of the following:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(1)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Creates and intentionally discloses digitized sexually explicit material portraying the depicted individual, and the person knows, or reasonably should know, that the depicted individual in that material did not consent to its creation or disclosure or was a minor when the material was created.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Intentionally discloses digitized sexually explicit material portraying the depicted individual that the person did not create, and the person knows, or
				  reasonably should know, that the depicted individual in that material did not consent to the creation of the digitized sexually explicit material or was a minor when the material was created.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(3)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Knowingly facilitates or recklessly aids or abets conduct prohibited by paragraph (1) or (2).
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(c)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								For purposes of this section, both of the following apply:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(1)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A person that owns, operates, or controls a deepfake pornography service is engaged in the creation and intentional disclosure of digitized sexually explicit material and shall be presumed to have known that the depicted individual did not consent to the creation or disclosure of the digitized sexually explicit material, unless the person produces evidence of the depicted individual’s express written consent.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A person that provides a service that enables the ongoing operation of a deepfake pornography service shall be presumed to be in violation of paragraph (3) of subdivision (b) if both of the following are true:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(A)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								(i)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A depicted individual or public prosecutor provides the person with evidence sufficient to demonstrate that the person is providing services that enable the ongoing operation of a deepfake pornography service that engages in conduct that violates this section.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(ii)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Evidence described in clause (i) shall be submitted through a customer service email or other designated process provided by the person or entity if the customer service email or other designated process is prominently displayed on the person’s or entity’s internet website and shall contain all of the following information:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(I)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The name of the deepfake pornography service that the person or entity is providing services to that enable its ongoing operation.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(II)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A general description of the services the person or entity is providing that enable the ongoing operation of the deepfake pornography service.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(III)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Contact information of the depicted individual or public prosecutor providing the evidence. This information shall be used by the person or entity only to seek additional information regarding the report that is necessary to take the steps required by subparagraph (B).
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(B)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								(i)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Subject to clause (ii), the person fails to take all necessary steps to stop providing services that enable the ongoing operation of a deepfake pornography service within 30 days
				  of receiving the evidence described in subparagraph (A).
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(ii)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The 30-day time parameter in clause (i) may be extended by a court if the court finds that additional time is needed to conduct an ongoing law enforcement investigation or operation.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(d)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								(1)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A person is not liable under this section in either of the following circumstances:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(A)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The person discloses the digitized sexually explicit material in the course of any of the following:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(i)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Reporting unlawful activity.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(ii)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Exercising the person’s law enforcement duties.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(iii)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Hearings, trials, or other legal proceedings.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(B)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The material is any of the following:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(i)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A matter of legitimate public concern.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(ii)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A work of political or newsworthy value or similar work.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(iii)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Commentary, criticism, or disclosure that is otherwise protected by the California Constitution or the United States Constitution.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								For purposes of this subdivision, digitized sexually explicit material is not of newsworthy value solely because the depicted individual is a public figure.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(e)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								(1)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								It shall not be a defense to an action under this section that there is a disclaimer included in the digitized sexually explicit material that communicates that
				  the depicted individual did not participate in or authorize the creation or development of the material.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								It shall not be a defense to an action under this section that a deepfake pornography service has a disclaimer or statement that states that users are prohibited from generating digitized sexually explicit material of a depicted individual without the individual’s consent.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(f)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								(1)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A prevailing plaintiff who is a depicted individual who suffers harm as a result of a violation of this section may recover any of the following:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(A)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								An amount equal to the monetary gain made by the defendant from the creation and disclosure of the digitized sexually explicit material.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(B)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								One of the following:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(i)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Economic and noneconomic damages proximately caused by the disclosure of the digitized sexually explicit material, including damages for emotional distress.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(ii)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Upon request of the plaintiff at any time before the final judgment is rendered, the plaintiff may instead recover an award of statutory damages for all unauthorized acts involved in the action, with respect to any one work, as follows:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(I)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A sum of not less than one thousand five hundred dollars ($1,500) but not more than fifty thousand dollars ($50,000).
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(II)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								If the unlawful act was committed with malice, the award of statutory damages may be increased to a maximum of two hundred fifty thousand dollars ($250,000).
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(C)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Punitive
				  damages.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(D)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(E)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Any other available relief, including injunctive relief.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A public prosecutor may bring a civil action to enforce this section.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(A)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								In an action brought under this paragraph, the public prosecutor shall not be required to prove that a depicted individual suffered actual harm.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(B)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A prevailing public prosecutor under this paragraph is entitled to all of the following:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(i)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Injunctive and other equitable relief.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(ii)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A civil penalty of twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000) per violation.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(iii)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								For a violation committed with malice, a civil penalty of fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) per violation.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(iv)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Reasonable attorney’s fees.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(v)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Any other relief the court deems appropriate.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(3)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The remedies provided by this section are cumulative and shall not be construed as restricting a remedy that is available under any other law.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(g)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								An action under this section shall be commenced no later than three years from the date the unauthorized creation, development, or disclosure was discovered or should have been discovered with the exercise of reasonable diligence.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(h)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The provisions of this section are severable. If any
				  provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(i)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								This section does not apply to conduct that is protected by federal law, including Section 230 of Title 47 of the United States Code.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(j)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								(1)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								This section shall not be construed to require an internet service provider to engage in any activity that would violate Title 15 (commencing with Section 3100) of Part 4 of Division 3. An internet service provider shall not be held liable under this section for the mere transmission, routing, or provision of access to third-party content over its network.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								As used in this subdivision, “internet service provider” has the same meaning as that term is defined in Section 3100.
							</html:p>
						</ns0:Content>
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			</ns0:Fragment>
		</ns0:BillSection>
		<ns0:BillSection id="id_1844AA7B-611C-405D-B962-1AB09F0A02F1">
			<ns0:Num>SEC. 2.</ns0:Num>
			<ns0:Content>
				<html:p>The Legislature finds and declares that the provisions of this act that clarify that a deepfake pornography service is subject to Section 1708.86 of the Civil Code are declaratory of existing law.</html:p>
			</ns0:Content>
		</ns0:BillSection>
	</ns0:Bill>
</ns0:MeasureDoc>