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	<ns0:Description>
		<ns0:Id>20250AB__053597CHP</ns0:Id>
		<ns0:VersionNum>97</ns0:VersionNum>
		<ns0:History>
			<ns0:Action>
				<ns0:ActionText>INTRODUCED</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2025-02-11</ns0:ActionDate>
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				<ns0:ActionText>PASSED_ASSEMBLY</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2025-06-02</ns0:ActionDate>
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				<ns0:ActionText>PASSED_SENATE</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2025-09-08</ns0:ActionDate>
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			<ns0:Action>
				<ns0:ActionText>ENROLLED</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2025-09-10</ns0:ActionDate>
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			<ns0:Action>
				<ns0:ActionText>CHAPTERED</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2025-10-06</ns0:ActionDate>
			</ns0:Action>
			<ns0:Action>
				<ns0:ActionText>APPROVED</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2025-10-06</ns0:ActionDate>
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			<ns0:Action>
				<ns0:ActionText>FILED</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2025-10-06</ns0:ActionDate>
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		</ns0:History>
		<ns0:LegislativeInfo>
			<ns0:SessionYear>2025</ns0:SessionYear>
			<ns0:SessionNum>0</ns0:SessionNum>
			<ns0:MeasureType>AB</ns0:MeasureType>
			<ns0:MeasureNum>535</ns0:MeasureNum>
			<ns0:MeasureState>CHP</ns0:MeasureState>
			<ns0:ChapterYear>2025</ns0:ChapterYear>
			<ns0:ChapterType>CHP</ns0:ChapterType>
			<ns0:ChapterSessionNum>0</ns0:ChapterSessionNum>
			<ns0:ChapterNum>373</ns0:ChapterNum>
		</ns0:LegislativeInfo>
		<ns0:AuthorText authorType="LEAD_AUTHOR">Introduced by Assembly Member Schiavo</ns0:AuthorText>
		<ns0:AuthorText authorType="COAUTHOR_ORIGINATING">(Coauthor: Assembly Member Schultz)</ns0:AuthorText>
		<ns0:Authors>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>LEAD_AUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Schiavo</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Schultz</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
		</ns0:Authors>
		<ns0:Title> An act to amend Section 136.1 of the Penal Code, relating to crimes. </ns0:Title>
		<ns0:RelatingClause>crimes</ns0:RelatingClause>
		<ns0:GeneralSubject>
			<ns0:Subject>Threatening a witness: assisting a prosecution.</ns0:Subject>
		</ns0:GeneralSubject>
		<ns0:DigestText>
			<html:p>Existing law makes it a crime to knowingly and maliciously prevent or dissuade, or attempt to prevent or dissuade, a witness or victim from causing a complaint, indictment, information, or probation or parole violation to be sought and prosecuted, and assisting in the prosecution thereof.</html:p>
			<html:p>This bill would clarify that it is a violation of the offense described above to prevent or dissuade, or attempt to prevent or dissuade, a witness or victim from either causing a complaint, indictment, information, or probation or parole violation to be sought and prosecuted, or assisting in the prosecution thereof. By expanding the scope of a crime, this bill would impose a state-mandated local program.</html:p>
			<html:p>This bill would also make other technical, nonsubstantive changes.</html:p>
			<html:p>The
		California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.</html:p>
			<html:p>This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.</html:p>
		</ns0:DigestText>
		<ns0:DigestKey>
			<ns0:VoteRequired>MAJORITY</ns0:VoteRequired>
			<ns0:Appropriation>NO</ns0:Appropriation>
			<ns0:FiscalCommittee>YES</ns0:FiscalCommittee>
			<ns0:LocalProgram>YES</ns0:LocalProgram>
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		<ns0:MeasureIndicators>
			<ns0:ImmediateEffect>NO</ns0:ImmediateEffect>
			<ns0:ImmediateEffectFlags>
				<ns0:Urgency>NO</ns0:Urgency>
				<ns0:TaxLevy>NO</ns0:TaxLevy>
				<ns0:Election>NO</ns0:Election>
				<ns0:UsualCurrentExpenses>NO</ns0:UsualCurrentExpenses>
				<ns0:BudgetBill>NO</ns0:BudgetBill>
				<ns0:Prop25TrailerBill>NO</ns0:Prop25TrailerBill>
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	</ns0:Description>
	<ns0:Bill id="bill">
		<ns0:Preamble>The people of the State of California do enact as follows:</ns0:Preamble>
		<ns0:BillSection id="id_1F91C267-85C8-451F-B3B7-837390D77CBB">
			<ns0:Num>SECTION 1.</ns0:Num>
			<ns0:ActionLine action="IS_AMENDED" ns3:href="urn:caml:codes:PEN:caml#xpointer(%2Fcaml%3ALawDoc%2Fcaml%3ACode%2Fcaml%3ALawHeading%5B%40type%3D'PART'%20and%20caml%3ANum%3D'1.'%5D%2Fcaml%3ALawHeading%5B%40type%3D'TITLE'%20and%20caml%3ANum%3D'7.'%5D%2Fcaml%3ALawHeading%5B%40type%3D'CHAPTER'%20and%20caml%3ANum%3D'6.'%5D%2Fcaml%3ALawSection%5Bcaml%3ANum%3D'136.1.'%5D)" ns3:label="fractionType: LAW_SECTION" ns3:type="locator">
				Section 136.1 of the 
				<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
				 is amended to read:
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			<ns0:Fragment>
				<ns0:LawSection id="id_93A36AFA-2079-4EE5-B77B-32BB50B97964">
					<ns0:Num>136.1.</ns0:Num>
					<ns0:LawSectionVersion id="id_80E4A01B-DFCD-4C7E-9B7C-DC1435635D4D">
						<ns0:Content>
							<html:p>
								(a)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Except as provided in subdivision (c), a person who does any of the following is guilty of a public offense and shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year or in the state prison:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(1)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Knowingly and maliciously prevents or dissuades a witness or victim from attending or giving testimony at
				  a trial, proceeding, or inquiry authorized by law.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Knowingly and maliciously attempts to prevent or dissuade a witness or victim from attending or giving testimony at a trial, proceeding, or inquiry authorized by law.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(3)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								For purposes of this section, evidence that the defendant was a family member who interceded in an effort to protect the witness or victim shall create a presumption that the act was without malice.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(b)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Except as provided in subdivision (c), a person who attempts to prevent or dissuade another person who has been the victim of a crime or who is witness to a crime from doing any of the following is guilty of a public offense and shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year or in the state prison:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(1)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Making a report of that victimization to
				  a peace
				  officer, a state or local law enforcement officer, a probation, parole, or correctional officer, a prosecuting agency, or a judge.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Causing a complaint, indictment, information, or
				  probation or parole violation to be sought and prosecuted, or assisting in the prosecution thereof.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(3)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Arresting or causing or seeking the arrest of a person in connection with that victimization.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(c)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A person doing any of the acts described in subdivision (a) or (b) knowingly and
				  maliciously under any one or more of the following circumstances, is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for two, three, or four years under any of the following circumstances:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(1)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								If the act is accompanied by force or by an express or implied threat of force or violence, upon a witness, victim, or any third person or the property of a
				  victim, witness, or any third person.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								If the act is in furtherance of a conspiracy.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(3)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								If the act is committed by
				  a person who has been convicted of a violation of this section, a predecessor law, a federal statute, or
				  a
				  statute of any other state that, if the act prosecuted was committed in this state, would be a violation of this section.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(4)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								If the act is committed by a person for pecuniary gain or for any other consideration acting upon the request of any other person. All parties to
				  the
				  transaction are guilty of a felony.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(d)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A person attempting the commission of an act described in
				  subdivision (a), (b),
				  or (c) is guilty of the offense attempted without regard to success or failure of the attempt. The fact that no person was injured physically, or in fact intimidated, is not a defense against prosecution under this section.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(e)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								This section
				  does not preclude the imposition of an enhancement for great bodily injury if the injury inflicted is significant or substantial.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(f)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The use of force during the commission of
				  an offense described in subdivision (c) shall be considered a circumstance in aggravation of the crime in imposing a term of imprisonment under subdivision (b) of Section 1170.
							</html:p>
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		</ns0:BillSection>
		<ns0:BillSection id="id_22396EA3-5A1B-45F8-B128-6D99EF7052AB">
			<ns0:Num>SEC. 2.</ns0:Num>
			<ns0:Content>
				<html:p>
					No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIII
					<html:span class="ThinSpace"/>
					B of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIII
					<html:span class="ThinSpace"/>
					B of the California Constitution.
				</html:p>
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