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	<ns0:Description>
		<ns0:Id>20250AB__003396AMD</ns0:Id>
		<ns0:VersionNum>96</ns0:VersionNum>
		<ns0:History>
			<ns0:Action>
				<ns0:ActionText>INTRODUCED</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2024-12-02</ns0:ActionDate>
			</ns0:Action>
			<ns0:Action>
				<ns0:ActionText>AMENDED_ASSEMBLY</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2025-03-04</ns0:ActionDate>
			</ns0:Action>
			<ns0:Action>
				<ns0:ActionText>AMENDED_ASSEMBLY</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2025-04-01</ns0:ActionDate>
			</ns0:Action>
			<ns0:Action>
				<ns0:ActionText>AMENDED_SENATE</ns0:ActionText>
				<ns0:ActionDate>2025-06-30</ns0:ActionDate>
			</ns0:Action>
		</ns0:History>
		<ns0:LegislativeInfo>
			<ns0:SessionYear>2025</ns0:SessionYear>
			<ns0:SessionNum>0</ns0:SessionNum>
			<ns0:MeasureType>AB</ns0:MeasureType>
			<ns0:MeasureNum>33</ns0:MeasureNum>
			<ns0:MeasureState>AMD</ns0:MeasureState>
		</ns0:LegislativeInfo>
		<ns0:AuthorText authorType="LEAD_AUTHOR">Introduced by Assembly Member Aguiar-Curry</ns0:AuthorText>
		<ns0:AuthorText authorType="PRINCIPAL_COAUTHOR_ORIGINATING">(Principal coauthor: Assembly Member Lackey)</ns0:AuthorText>
		<ns0:AuthorText authorType="COAUTHOR_ORIGINATING">(Coauthors: Assembly Members Addis, Davies, and Lowenthal)</ns0:AuthorText>
		<ns0:AuthorText authorType="COAUTHOR_OPPOSITE">(Coauthor: Senator Cervantes)</ns0:AuthorText>
		<ns0:Authors>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>LEAD_AUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Aguiar-Curry</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>PRINCIPAL_COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Lackey</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Addis</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Davies</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Lowenthal</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
			<ns0:Legislator>
				<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
				<ns0:House>SENATE</ns0:House>
				<ns0:Name>Cervantes</ns0:Name>
			</ns0:Legislator>
		</ns0:Authors>
		<ns0:Title>An act to add Sections 38760, 38761, and 38762 to the Vehicle Code, relating to autonomous vehicles.</ns0:Title>
		<ns0:RelatingClause>autonomous vehicles</ns0:RelatingClause>
		<ns0:GeneralSubject>
			<ns0:Subject>Autonomous vehicles.</ns0:Subject>
		</ns0:GeneralSubject>
		<ns0:DigestText>
			<html:p>Existing law authorizes the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads for testing purposes by a driver who possesses the proper class of license for the type of vehicle operated if specified requirements are satisfied. Existing law prohibits the operation of an autonomous vehicle on public roads until the manufacturer submits an application to the Department of Motor Vehicles, as specified, and that application is approved. A violation of the Vehicle Code or a local ordinance adopted pursuant to that code is an infraction.</html:p>
			<html:p>This bill would prohibit the delivery of commercial goods, as defined, directly to a residence or to a business for its use or retail sale through the operation of an autonomous vehicle without a human safety
			 operator on any highway within the State of California. The bill would make a first violation of this provision subject to a $10,000 administrative fine and a $25,000 administrative fine for subsequent violations. The bill would authorize the department to suspend or revoke the permit of an autonomous vehicle manufacturer for repeated violations of this provision.</html:p>
			<html:p>The bill would require the department to submit a report to the Legislature evaluating the performance of autonomous vehicle technology and its impact on public
			 safety and employment, as specified. This bill would require all relevant state agencies, including, among others, the Department of Transportation and the State Air Resources Board, to provide information to the department to research this report. The bill would prohibit the department from issuing a deployment permit for the use of an autonomous vehicle to deliver commercial goods without a human safety operator until a later enacted statute authorizes the issuance of a permit for that purpose.</html:p>
			<html:p>The bill would also make certain findings and declarations related to these provisions.</html:p>
		</ns0:DigestText>
		<ns0:DigestKey>
			<ns0:VoteRequired>MAJORITY</ns0:VoteRequired>
			<ns0:Appropriation>NO</ns0:Appropriation>
			<ns0:FiscalCommittee>YES</ns0:FiscalCommittee>
			<ns0:LocalProgram>NO</ns0:LocalProgram>
		</ns0:DigestKey>
		<ns0:MeasureIndicators>
			<ns0:ImmediateEffect>NO</ns0:ImmediateEffect>
			<ns0:ImmediateEffectFlags>
				<ns0:Urgency>NO</ns0:Urgency>
				<ns0:TaxLevy>NO</ns0:TaxLevy>
				<ns0:Election>NO</ns0:Election>
				<ns0:UsualCurrentExpenses>NO</ns0:UsualCurrentExpenses>
				<ns0:BudgetBill>NO</ns0:BudgetBill>
				<ns0:Prop25TrailerBill>NO</ns0:Prop25TrailerBill>
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	</ns0:Description>
	<ns0:Bill id="bill">
		<ns0:Preamble>The people of the State of California do enact as follows:</ns0:Preamble>
		<ns0:BillSection id="id_5A85B88D-47AB-49C6-BC8C-52DC4F9640D6">
			<ns0:Num>SECTION 1.</ns0:Num>
			<ns0:Content>
				<html:p>The Legislature finds and declares all of the following:</html:p>
				<html:p>
					(a)
					<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
					The deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) for commercial purposes poses potential risks to road safety, especially given the technology’s reliance on complex algorithms that can be prone to unforeseen errors and failures.
				</html:p>
				<html:p>
					(b)
					<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
					The widespread use of AVs in the delivery industry threatens the livelihoods of thousands of Californians employed as drivers and delivery personnel whose work provides stable, well-paying jobs that support families and communities.
				</html:p>
				<html:p>
					(c)
					<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
					While technological innovation is valuable, it must be balanced against the potential displacement of workers and the economic impact on local economies. Preserving good jobs and ensuring robust workforce participation is essential to California’s long-term economic health.
				</html:p>
				<html:p>
					(d)
					<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
					The state must prioritize the development and enforcement of regulations that protect public safety, promote job security, and maintain oversight over emerging technologies.
				</html:p>
			</ns0:Content>
		</ns0:BillSection>
		<ns0:BillSection id="id_6C89685F-1F6A-4B21-9331-9B0281D6B469">
			<ns0:Num>SEC. 2.</ns0:Num>
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				Section 38760 is added to the 
				<ns0:DocName>Vehicle Code</ns0:DocName>
				, to read:
			</ns0:ActionLine>
			<ns0:Fragment>
				<ns0:LawSection id="id_68B96A28-FD61-49BC-A58F-F41FB44D84E8">
					<ns0:Num>38760.</ns0:Num>
					<ns0:LawSectionVersion id="id_BB019801-BBB9-4EF8-BBCC-455E0FC74BA4">
						<ns0:Content>
							<html:p>For purposes of Sections 38761 and 38762, the following definitions shall apply:</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(a)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Autonomous vehicle” has the same meaning as that term is defined in paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 38750.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(b)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Commercial goods” means any goods, wares, merchandise, or other tangible items requiring transportation for a fee or a commercial purpose. Commercial goods include any items for which a motor carrier permit is required pursuant to Division 14.85 (commencing
						with Section 34600).
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(c)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								(1)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Human safety operator” means a person operating an autonomous vehicle or vehicle equipped with autonomous technology who is trained in operating and shutting off the vehicle. A human safety operator shall meet all federal and state qualifications for the type of vehicle being operated, whether in automated or nonautomated mode.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The definition of “operator,” as that term is defined in paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) of Section 38750, is separate and distinct and does not apply to Section 38761.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(d)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								“Motor carrier permit” means the authorization issued by the department that allows motor carriers to transport property for compensation pursuant to Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 34620) of Division 14.85.
							</html:p>
						</ns0:Content>
					</ns0:LawSectionVersion>
				</ns0:LawSection>
			</ns0:Fragment>
		</ns0:BillSection>
		<ns0:BillSection id="id_8AAADE8B-4A06-4D13-96FC-3B039F12F39A">
			<ns0:Num>SEC. 3.</ns0:Num>
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				Section 38761 is added to the 
				<ns0:DocName>Vehicle Code</ns0:DocName>
				, to read:
			</ns0:ActionLine>
			<ns0:Fragment>
				<ns0:LawSection id="id_613C97F3-9F63-401D-BE2A-989F3FC5E52F">
					<ns0:Num>38761.</ns0:Num>
					<ns0:LawSectionVersion id="id_14365894-4234-4402-9C0D-3C44ED1DC394">
						<ns0:Content>
							<html:p>
								(a)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Notwithstanding any other law, the delivery of commercial goods directly to a residence or to a business for its use or retail sale through the operation of an autonomous vehicle without a human safety operator is prohibited on a highway within the State of California.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(b)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								(1)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The department shall impose an administrative fine of ten thousand dollars ($10,000) for a first violation of this
						section.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The department shall impose an administrative fine of twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000) for each subsequent violation of this section.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(3)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Penalties assessed pursuant to this section shall be recoverable by the department and deposited into the Motor Vehicle Account in the State Transportation Fund for use by the department in administering this chapter.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(c)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The department may, subject to regulations adopted pursuant to subdivision (d) of Section 38750 and the notice and hearing requirements of Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 11500) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government
						Code, suspend or revoke the permit of an autonomous vehicle manufacturer for repeated violations of this section.
							</html:p>
						</ns0:Content>
					</ns0:LawSectionVersion>
				</ns0:LawSection>
			</ns0:Fragment>
		</ns0:BillSection>
		<ns0:BillSection id="id_C1C63968-28C3-46CD-BACB-9BF977EA444D">
			<ns0:Num>SEC. 4.</ns0:Num>
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				Section 38762 is added to the 
				<ns0:DocName>Vehicle Code</ns0:DocName>
				, to read:
			</ns0:ActionLine>
			<ns0:Fragment>
				<ns0:LawSection id="id_08B135C3-C6D9-4923-B924-6D6D13EF3B74">
					<ns0:Num>38762.</ns0:Num>
					<ns0:LawSectionVersion id="id_EFAD79EF-C61F-4EE8-BCBD-93842513AC6C">
						<ns0:Content>
							<html:p>
								(a)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								(1)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								By January 1, 2031, or five years after commencement of testing, whichever occurs later, and upon appropriation by the Legislature, the department shall submit a report to the Legislature and the relevant policy and fiscal committees evaluating the performance of autonomous vehicle technology and its impact on public safety and employment in the transportation sector for autonomous vehicles utilized to deliver commercial goods.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(2)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The report shall include both of the following:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(A)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A summary of disengagements, crashes, and other information the department believes is
						relevant.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(B)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								A recommendation on whether the Legislature should remove, modify, or maintain the requirement for an autonomous vehicle utilized to deliver commercial goods to operate with a human safety operator physically present in the vehicle.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(3)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								While preparing the report, the department shall consult with all of the following:
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(A)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The Department of the California Highway Patrol regarding traffic impacts, driver and passenger safety risks, and impacts on other motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(B)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The Labor and Workforce Development Agency regarding job-related impacts, including worker displacement and shortcomings in retraining opportunities.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(C)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The Department of Transportation regarding infrastructure impacts, deficiencies, and needs.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(D)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The State Air Resources Board regarding how autonomous vehicles utilized to deliver commercial goods impact the 2022 Scoping Plan for Achieving Carbon Neutrality.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(E)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								Independent experts regarding the performance of the technology, public safety impacts, and other relevant factors in considering deployment.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(b)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The Department of the California Highway Patrol, the Labor and Workforce Development Agency, the Department of Transportation, the State Air Resources Board, and all other relevant state agencies shall provide information, as specified by the
						department, that is needed to research the report required by this section.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(c)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								It is the intent of the Legislature to, upon issuance of the report required in subdivision (a), conduct an oversight hearing
						to assess the state of autonomous vehicle technology for vehicles utilized to deliver commercial goods.
							</html:p>
							<html:p>
								(d)
								<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
								The department shall not issue a deployment permit for use of an autonomous vehicle utilized to deliver commercial goods without a human safety operator earlier than one year after the oversight hearing described in subdivision (c) and only if a later enacted statute authorizes the issuance of a permit for that purpose.
							</html:p>
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