Existing law, commonly known as the Cartwright Act, identifies certain acts as unlawful restraints of trade and unlawful trusts and prescribes provisions for its enforcement. Chapter 338 of the Statutes of 2025 provides that in a complaint for any violation of the Cartwright Act, it is sufficient to contain factual allegations demonstrating that the existence of a contract, combination in the form of a trust, or conspiracy to restrain trade or commerce is plausible. Chapter 338 of the Statutes of 2025 also provides that a complaint for any violation of the Cartwright Act is not required to allege facts tending to exclude the possibility of independent action.

This bill would prohibit one or more persons from acting, causing, taking, or directing measures, actions, or events that are to monopolize or monopsonize in any part of trade or commerce, as specified, or in restraint of trade. For these purposes, the bill would define “restraint of trade” to include any actions, measures, or acts included or cognizable under a specified provision of the Cartwright Act that defines “trust,” whether directed, caused, or performed by one or more persons. The bill would prohibit anticompetitive effects in one market from being offset by purported benefits in a separate market and would prohibit the harm to a person or persons from the challenged conduct from being offset by purported benefits to another person or persons. The bill would authorize any of specified conditions to constitute evidence of liability under the Cartwright Act but would prohibit requiring a finding, including, but not limited to, of any of the specified conditions to establish liability. The bill would also make related findings and declarations. The bill would require courts to liberally interpret California’s antitrust laws to best promote free and fair competition, as provided.