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<ns0:Id>20250SB__057497AMD</ns0:Id>
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<ns0:ActionText>INTRODUCED</ns0:ActionText>
<ns0:ActionDate>2025-02-20</ns0:ActionDate>
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<ns0:SessionYear>2025</ns0:SessionYear>
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<ns0:AuthorText authorType="LEAD_AUTHOR">Introduced by Senator Umberg</ns0:AuthorText>
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<ns0:Legislator>
<ns0:Contribution>LEAD_AUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
<ns0:House>SENATE</ns0:House>
<ns0:Name>Umberg</ns0:Name>
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<ns0:Title> An act to add Section 6068.1 to the Business and Professions Code, and to amend Section 128.7 of, and to add Section 1282.1 to, the Code of Civil Procedure, relating to artificial intelligence.</ns0:Title>
<ns0:RelatingClause>artificial intelligence</ns0:RelatingClause>
<ns0:GeneralSubject>
<ns0:Subject>Generative artificial intelligence: attorneys and arbitrators.</ns0:Subject>
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<html:p>Existing law, the State Bar Act, provides for the licensure and regulation of attorneys by the State Bar of California, a public corporation. The act requires an attorney to strictly maintain client confidences and to preserve client secrets at their own peril.</html:p>
<html:p>This bill would obligate an attorney who uses generative artificial intelligence to practice law to ensure that confidential personal identifying, or other nonpublic information, is not entered into a public generative artificial intelligence system. The bill would also require an attorney to ensure that reasonable steps are taken to verify the accuracy of generative artificial intelligence material and to correct any erroneous or hallucinated output in any material used by the attorney.</html:p>
<html:p>Existing law requires every pleading, petition, written notice of motion, or other similar paper to be signed by the attorney of record, or if a party is unrepresented, by the party, thereby certifying to the best of the person’s knowledge, information, and belief that it is not being presented primarily for an improper purpose and that the claims, defenses, and legal and factual contentions are warranted, as specified.</html:p>
<html:p>This bill would prohibit a brief, pleading, motion, or any other paper filed in any court from containing any citations that the attorney responsible for submitting the pleading has not personally read and verified, including any citation provided by generative artificial intelligence.</html:p>
<html:p>Existing law, the California Arbitration Act, provides a statutory framework for the enforcement of contractual arbitration under California law. The act establishes that a written
agreement to submit a present or future controversy to arbitration is valid, enforceable, and irrevocable, except as specified. The act defines a neutral arbitrator as one who is selected jointly by the parties or by the parties’ arbitrators, or is appointed by the court if the parties or their arbitrators cannot jointly select an arbitrator. The act requires a person selected to serve as a neutral arbitrator to disclose all matters that could cause a person aware of the facts to reasonably entertain a doubt as to the proposed neutral arbitrator’s impartiality.</html:p>
<html:p>This bill would prohibit an arbitrator from delegating any part of their decision-making process to any generative artificial intelligence tool. The bill would prohibit an arbitrator from relying on information generated by generative artificial intelligence outside the record without making appropriate disclosures to the parties beforehand. The bill would require an arbitrator to assume responsibility for
all aspects of an award, regardless of any use of generative artificial intelligence tools to assist with the decision-making process.</html:p>
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<ns0:Preamble>The people of the State of California do enact as follows:</ns0:Preamble>
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<ns0:Num>SECTION 1.</ns0:Num>
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Section 6068.1 is added to the
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, to read:
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<ns0:Num>6068.1.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
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It is the duty of an attorney using generative artificial intelligence to practice law to ensure all the following:
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<html:p>
(1)
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Confidential, personal identifying, or other nonpublic information is not entered into a public generative artificial intelligence system.
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<html:p>
(2)
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The use of generative artificial intelligence does not unlawfully discriminate against or disparately impact individuals or communities based on age, ancestry, color, ethnicity, gender, gender expression, gender identity, genetic information, marital status, medical condition, military or veteran status, national origin, physical or mental disability, political affiliation, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation,
socioeconomic status, and any other classification protected by federal or state law.
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<html:p>
(3)
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Reasonable steps are taken to do all of the following:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(A)
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Verify the accuracy of generative artificial intelligence material, including any material prepared on their behalf by others.
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<html:p>
(B)
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Correct any erroneous or hallucinated output in any material used by the attorney.
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<html:p>
(C)
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Remove any biased, offensive, or harmful content in any generative artificial intelligence material used, including any material prepared on their behalf by others.
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<html:p>
(4)
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The attorney considers whether to disclose the use of generative artificial intelligence if it is used to create content provided to the public.
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(b)
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For purposes of this section:
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<html:p>
(1)
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“Generative artificial intelligence” means an artificial intelligence system that can generate derived synthetic content, including text, images, video, and audio that emulates the structure and characteristics of the system’s training data.
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<html:p>
(2)
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“Personal identifying information” includes all the following:
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<html:p>
(A)
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Driver’s license numbers.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(B)
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Dates of birth.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(C)
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Social Security numbers.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(D)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
National Crime Information and Criminal Identification and Information numbers.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(E)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Addresses and phone numbers of parties, victims, witnesses, and court personnel.
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<html:p>
(F)
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Medical or psychiatric information.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(G)
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Financial information.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(H)
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Account numbers.
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<html:p>
(I)
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Any other content sealed by court order or deemed confidential by court rule or statute.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 2.</ns0:Num>
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Section 128.7 of the
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is amended to read:
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<ns0:Num>128.7.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
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Every pleading, petition, written notice of motion, or other similar paper shall be signed by at least one attorney of record in the attorney’s individual name, or, if the party is not represented by an attorney, shall be signed by the party. Each paper shall state the signer’s address and telephone number, if any. Except when otherwise provided by law, pleadings need not be verified or accompanied by affidavit. An unsigned paper shall be stricken unless omission of the signature is corrected promptly after being called to the attention of the attorney or party.
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<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
By presenting to the court, whether by signing, filing,
submitting, or later advocating, a pleading, petition, written notice of motion, or other similar paper, an attorney or unrepresented party is certifying that to the best of the person’s knowledge, information, and belief, formed after an inquiry reasonable under the circumstances, all of the following conditions are met:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(A)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
It is not being presented primarily for an improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(B)
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The claims, defenses, and other legal contentions therein are warranted by existing law or by a nonfrivolous argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law or the establishment of new law.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(C)
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The allegations and other factual contentions have evidentiary support or, if specifically so identified, are likely to have evidentiary support after a reasonable opportunity for further investigation or discovery.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(D)
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The denials of factual contentions are warranted on the evidence or, if specifically so identified, are reasonably based on a lack of information or belief.
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<html:p>
(2)
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(A)
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A brief, pleading, motion, or any other paper filed in any court shall not contain any citations that the attorney responsible for submitting the pleading has not personally read and verified, including any citation provided by generative artificial intelligence.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(B)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
For purposes of this paragraph, “generative artificial intelligence” means an artificial intelligence system that can generate derived synthetic content, including text, images,
video, and audio that emulates the structure and characteristics of the system’s training data.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
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If, after notice and a reasonable opportunity to respond, the court determines that subdivision (b) has been violated, the court may, subject to the conditions stated below, impose an appropriate sanction upon the attorneys, law firms, or parties that have violated subdivision (b) or are responsible for the violation. In determining what sanctions, if any, should be ordered, the court shall consider whether a party seeking sanctions has exercised due diligence.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
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A motion for sanctions under this section shall be made separately from other motions or requests and shall describe the specific conduct alleged to violate subdivision (b). Notice of motion shall be served as provided in Section 1010, but shall not be filed with or presented to the court unless,
within 21 days after service of the motion, or any other period as the court may prescribe, the challenged paper, claim, defense, contention, allegation, or denial is not withdrawn or appropriately corrected. If warranted, the court may award to the party prevailing on the motion the reasonable expenses and attorney’s fees incurred in presenting or opposing the motion. Absent exceptional circumstances, a law firm shall be held jointly responsible for violations committed by its partners, associates, and employees.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
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On its own motion, the court may enter an order describing the specific conduct that appears to violate subdivision (b) and directing an attorney, law firm, or party to show cause why it has not violated subdivision (b), unless, within 21 days of service of the order to show cause, the challenged paper, claim, defense, contention, allegation, or denial is withdrawn or appropriately corrected.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A sanction imposed for violation of subdivision (b) shall be limited to what is sufficient to deter repetition of this conduct or comparable conduct by others similarly situated. Subject to the limitations in paragraphs (1) and (2), the sanction may consist of, or include, directives of a nonmonetary nature, an order to pay a penalty into court, or, if imposed on motion and warranted for effective deterrence, an order directing payment to the movant of some or all of the reasonable attorney’s fees and other expenses incurred as a direct result of the violation.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Monetary sanctions may not be awarded against a represented party for a violation of paragraph (2) of subdivision (b).
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Monetary sanctions may not be awarded on the court’s motion unless the court issues its order to show cause before a voluntary
dismissal or settlement of the claims made by or against the party that is, or whose attorneys are, to be sanctioned.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(e)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
When imposing sanctions, the court shall describe the conduct determined to constitute a violation of this section and explain the basis for the sanction imposed.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(f)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
In addition to any award pursuant to this section for conduct described in subdivision (b), the court may assess punitive damages against the plaintiff upon a determination by the court that the plaintiff’s action was an action maintained by a person convicted of a felony against the person’s victim, or the victim’s heirs, relatives, estate, or personal representative, for injuries arising from the acts for which the person was convicted of a felony, and that the plaintiff is guilty of fraud, oppression, or malice in maintaining the action.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(g)
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This section shall not apply to disclosures and discovery requests, responses, objections, and motions.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(h)
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A motion for sanctions brought by a party or a party’s attorney primarily for an improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation, shall itself be subject to a motion for sanctions. It is the intent of the Legislature that courts shall vigorously use its sanctions authority to deter that improper conduct or comparable conduct by others similarly situated.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(i)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
This section shall apply to a complaint or petition filed on or after January 1, 1995, and any other pleading, written notice of motion, or other similar paper filed in that matter.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 3.</ns0:Num>
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Section 1282.1 is added to the
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<ns0:Num>1282.1.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
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(1)
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An arbitrator shall not delegate any part of their decision-making process to any generative artificial intelligence tool.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The use of generative artificial intelligence tools by arbitrators shall not replace their independent analysis of the facts, the law, and the evidence.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
An arbitrator shall not relinquish their decision-making powers to generative artificial intelligence and shall avoid delegating any tasks to generative artificial intelligence tools if such use could influence procedural or substantive decisions.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
An arbitrator shall not rely
on information generated by generative artificial intelligence outside the record without making appropriate disclosures to the parties beforehand and, as far as practical, allowing the parties to comment on its use.
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(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
If a generative artificial intelligence tool cannot cite sources that can be independently verified, an arbitrator shall not assume that such sources exist or are characterized accurately.
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<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
An arbitrator shall assume responsibility for all aspects of an award, regardless of any use of generative artificial intelligence tools to assist with the decision-making process.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
For purposes of this section, “generative artificial intelligence” means an artificial intelligence system that can generate derived synthetic content, including text, images, video, and audio that emulates the structure and
characteristics of the system’s training data.
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