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<ns0:Id>20250SB__128299INT</ns0:Id>
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<ns0:ActionText>INTRODUCED</ns0:ActionText>
<ns0:ActionDate>2026-02-20</ns0:ActionDate>
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<ns0:SessionYear>2025</ns0:SessionYear>
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<ns0:MeasureNum>1282</ns0:MeasureNum>
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<ns0:AuthorText authorType="LEAD_AUTHOR">Introduced by Senator Becker</ns0:AuthorText>
<ns0:AuthorText authorType="COAUTHOR_ORIGINATING">(Coauthors: Senators McNerney and Stern)</ns0:AuthorText>
<ns0:AuthorText authorType="COAUTHOR_OPPOSITE">(Coauthor: Assembly Member Harabedian)</ns0:AuthorText>
<ns0:Authors>
<ns0:Legislator>
<ns0:Contribution>LEAD_AUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
<ns0:House>SENATE</ns0:House>
<ns0:Name>Becker</ns0:Name>
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<ns0:Legislator>
<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
<ns0:House>SENATE</ns0:House>
<ns0:Name>McNerney</ns0:Name>
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<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
<ns0:House>SENATE</ns0:House>
<ns0:Name>Stern</ns0:Name>
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<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
<ns0:Name>Harabedian</ns0:Name>
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<ns0:Title> An act to amend Section 44269 of the Health and Safety Code, and to add Sections 25010 and 25216.9 to the Public Resources Code, relating to transportation electrification. </ns0:Title>
<ns0:RelatingClause>transportation electrification</ns0:RelatingClause>
<ns0:GeneralSubject>
<ns0:Subject>Transportation electrification: grid-integrated vehicle technologies: standards.</ns0:Subject>
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<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Existing law authorizes the State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission (Energy Commission), in consultation with the State Air Resources Board and the Public Utilities Commission (PUC), to require any weight class of battery electric vehicle to be bidirectional capable, as defined, if it determines there is a sufficiently compelling beneficial bidirectional-capable use case to the battery electric vehicle operator and electrical grid, as specified. Existing law defines various terms related to bidirectional-capable use.
</html:p>
<html:p>This bill would expand various definitions related to bidirectional-capable use to include in their meanings vehicle types beyond battery electric, among other changes.</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Existing law requires the
Energy Commission, in consultation with the PUC, to develop uptime recordkeeping and reporting standards for electric vehicle chargers and charging stations.
</html:p>
<html:p>This bill would require the Energy Commission, on or before December 31, 2027, to conduct and publish on its internet website an assessment of, among other things, the electrical grid energy supply, reliability, and affordability needs associated with the state’s transition to 100% renewable and zero-carbon energy sources and the target level of grid-integrated vehicle technology use and grid-integrated charging technology-enabled vehicle use necessary to address those needs, as provided. The bill would require the Energy Commission, on or before December 31, 2028, to adopt and implement standards, in consultation with the state board, the PUC, and other relevant local and state agencies, for grid-integrated vehicle technology and associated grid-integrated charging technology of new vehicles, as provided. The
bill would require the Energy Commission, before adopting the standards, to conduct at least 3 public workshops to receive public comments, as specified. The bill would require that these standards establish requirements for on-road vehicles of any weight class sold within the state to incorporate grid-integrated vehicle technology and grid-integrated charging technology to achieve those targets, except as specified, and include specified provisions relating to, among other things, classes and types of grid-integrated vehicle technologies that can satisfy those requirements and alternative compliance mechanisms, as provided.</html:p>
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<ns0:FiscalCommittee>YES</ns0:FiscalCommittee>
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<ns0:Preamble>The people of the State of California do enact as follows:</ns0:Preamble>
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<ns0:Num>SECTION 1.</ns0:Num>
<ns0:Content>
<html:p>The Legislature finds and declares all of the following:</html:p>
<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The Legislature has recognized that ensuring a reliable supply of electricity is essential to the health, safety, and welfare of the people of this state and to the state economy, and that grid-integrated transportation technologies hold the promise of delivering energy system and economic development benefits to the state.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The Warren-Alquist State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Act (Division 15 (commencing with Section 25000) of the Public Resources Code) creates the State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission for purposes of promoting access to affordable, reliable
electricity and transportation fuels and ensuring the development of a secure and coordinated energy system to serve the economy and residents of the state.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The Legislature has established a policy of supplying 100 percent of retail sales of electricity to California consumers from renewable and zero-carbon energy sources no later than 2045.
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<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The Legislature has also recognized that investing in the development of innovative and pioneering energy and transportation technologies will provide an opportunity for the state to take a global economic and technological leadership role.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(e)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
In furtherance of these goals, the state has established policies to promote the availability of affordable, reliable electricity, and the expansion of electrical grid-integrated vehicle technology that supports the development of
a reliable, clean electrical grid, including by authorizing the State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission to require battery electric vehicles to have bidirectional charging capability in light of the benefits of that capability to vehicle operators and the electrical grid.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(f)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
California is the home of America’s electrical grid-integrated vehicle technology industry, birthplace of the nation’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, and home to multiple developers of electric vehicle technology and potential sources of battery manufacturing materials.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(g)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
As electric vehicle technologies have been adopted by increasing numbers of California drivers and businesses, the potential and need for the technology to help support electrical grid reliability and affordability has become apparent.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(h)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The
growing adoption of electric vehicle technologies in California, represented by 2,500,0000 vehicles sold in the state since 2010, presents a critical opportunity for the state to harness resources consumers already prefer to bolster our electrical grid.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(i)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Electrical grid-integrated charging technologies, which include managed charging, vehicle-grid integration, and bidirectional charging, offer drivers access to low-cost, flexible charging and backup energy benefits.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(j)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Electric vehicles and electrical grid-integrated charging technologies offer a crucial source of electricity demand to address solar energy supply peaks, a distributed and dispatchable source of electricity supply during demand peaks, and a source of backup residential battery energy during outage events, providing substantial reliability and resilience benefits for an electrical grid supplied by renewable
energy sources and increasingly threatened by extreme weather events, wildfires, and other disruptions. Among the various generation and storage technologies that will constitute California’s future electric grid, electric vehicles and electrical grid-integrated charging technologies will provide electrical grid services that are distributed across the state and simultaneously serve transportation needs, maximizing cost efficiency.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(k)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
According to State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission estimates of light-duty battery electric vehicle deployment, the total battery capacity of passenger electric vehicles on the road in California in 2025 likely exceeded 85 gigawatthours, providing a potentially equivalent but largely untapped complement to existing stationary storage deployments. While the Public Utilities Commission and electrical utilities are actively supporting pilots and investment in beneficial vehicle-grid
integration, the majority of these vehicles are not yet enabled to provide energy to the electrical grid.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(l)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The Legislature has further found that clean and reliable electricity supply is essential to the health of the California economy and of vital importance to the health and welfare of the citizens of the state, and that long-term, integrated electrical grid planning is essential to the promotion of the general welfare, maintenance of a sound economy, and conservation of resources.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(m)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
It is in the interest of the state to ensure sufficient adoption of electrical grid-integrated vehicle technologies and associated electrical grid-integrated charging technologies in order to facilitate the state’s transition to a reliable and affordable electrical grid supplied by renewable energy sources, and to solidify the state’s electrical grid-integrated vehicle technology and
supporting industries, among other economic and energy benefits.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 2.</ns0:Num>
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Section 44269 of the
<ns0:DocName>Health and Safety Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:Num>44269.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>For purposes of this chapter, all of the following definitions apply, unless updated pursuant to Section 44269.1:</html:p>
<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Battery electric vehicle” means a vehicle that operates solely by use of an electric battery or battery pack, or that is powered primarily through the use of an electric battery or battery pack but uses a flywheel or capacitor that stores energy produced by the electric motor or through regenerative braking to assist in vehicle operation.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Beneficial bidirectional-capable use case” means the usage of bidirectional-capable
vehicles and bidirectional electric vehicle service equipment in a manner that results in electrical reliability and resiliency benefits and cost savings to the
vehicle operator or electrical grid and is compatible with vehicle operator needs.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Bidirectional-capable vehicle” means a vehicle capable of both charging and discharging electricity.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Bidirectional charging” means a charging capability that enables a vehicle to be charged by either the electrical grid or an onsite clean energy resource, and to discharge stored energy capacity through electric vehicle service equipment to either serve load or export it to
the electrical grid.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(e)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Bidirectional electric vehicle service equipment” means electric vehicle service equipment capable of both charging and discharging electricity from a vehicle.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(f)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Board” means the State Air Resources Board.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(g)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Commission” means the State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(h)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Electric vehicle service equipment” has the same meaning as defined in Section 44268.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 3.</ns0:Num>
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Section 25010 is added to the
<ns0:DocName>Public Resources Code</ns0:DocName>
, to read:
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<ns0:Num>25010.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>It is further the policy of the state and the intent of the Legislature to ensure sufficient adoption of electrical grid-integrated vehicle technologies and associated electrical grid-integrated charging technologies in order to ensure an affordable supply of electricity on an electrical grid supplied by renewable energy sources and an integrated energy policy that maximizes the efficiency and resiliency of state energy systems.</html:p>
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 4.</ns0:Num>
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Section 25216.9 is added to the
<ns0:DocName>Public Resources Code</ns0:DocName>
, to read:
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<ns0:LawSection id="id_31E911B9-F9A7-4143-B431-421B0F92BFDE">
<ns0:Num>25216.9.</ns0:Num>
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<ns0:Content>
<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
For purposes of this section, both of the following definitions apply:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Grid-integrated charging technology” means any vehicle charging technology that manages the time, charging level, or location at which an electrical grid-connected electric vehicle charges from, or discharges to, the electrical grid, including, but not limited to, bidirectional charging as defined in Section 44269 of the Health and Safety Code.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Grid-integrated vehicle technology” means any vehicle propulsion or fixed supplemental power technology for onboard electrical systems that employs electricity from onboard energy storage fueled directly by an external electrical source, including, but not
limited to, battery electric, plug-in hybrid, and battery auxiliary power unit vehicle technologies.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
On or before December 31, 2027, the commission shall conduct, and publish on its internet website, an assessment of all of the following:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The electrical grid energy supply, reliability, and affordability needs associated with the state’s transition to 100 percent renewable and zero-carbon energy sources for retail electricity by 2045 pursuant to Sections 399.15 and 454.53 of the Public Utilities Code.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The potential for grid-integrated vehicle technology and grid-integrated charging technology adoption to provide electrical grid service contributions to address the needs identified pursuant to paragraph (1), including, but not limited to, the relative role of those technologies among all other energy
storage technologies capable of addressing the needs identified pursuant to paragraph (1) in a cost-effective manner.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The target levels of grid-integrated vehicle technology vehicle use and grid-integrated charging technology-enabled vehicle use necessary to address the needs identified pursuant to paragraph (1). The target levels shall be calculated in terms of total electrical grid service contributions and reflect an analysis of factors including, but not limited to, all of the following:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(A)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Anticipated battery sizes and capacities.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(B)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Charging and electrical grid integration dynamics.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(C)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Total vehicle miles traveled.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(D)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Affordability of electricity.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(E)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Feasibility of integration of grid-integrated charging technology.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(F)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Electrical grid capacity and vehicle charging availability to serve increased grid-integrated vehicle technology and grid-integrated charging technology adoption throughout the state and any infrastructure investments or electrical utility regulatory updates needed to address the needs identified pursuant to paragraph (1).
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
On or before December 31, 2028, the commission shall adopt and implement standards, pursuant to subdivision (f), in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code for the grid-integrated vehicle technology and associated grid-integrated charging technology of new vehicles. The standards adopted by the commission pursuant to this section
shall do both of the following, to the extent applicable pursuant to subdivision (d):
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
(A)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Establish requirements for on-road vehicles of any weight class sold within the state to incorporate grid-integrated vehicle technology and grid-integrated charging technology to achieve the targets identified by the commission pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (b) in order to meet electrical grid energy supply, reliability, and affordability goals.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(B)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The requirements established pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall have an initial date of applicability no earlier than January 1, 2030, and shall be designed to achieve the targets no later than December 31, 2045.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(C)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The commission may configure the requirements in subparagraph (A) as a target level of electrical grid service contributions for
each manufacturer by total battery capacity and charging capacity, as appropriate to maximize electrical grid reliability and affordability.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(D)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The requirements established pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall account for anticipated total new vehicle sales and shall not prohibit the sale of any individual vehicle propulsion technology or vehicle category or impose any limitation on vehicle weight, speed, or vehicle miles traveled.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Include provisions relating to all of the following:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(A)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Classes and types of grid-integrated vehicle technologies, including, but not limited to, battery electric, plug-in hybrid, and internal combustion vehicles using plug-in battery auxiliary power units, that can satisfy the requirements established pursuant to paragraph (1).
</html:p>
<html:p>
(B)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Classes and types of grid-integrated charging technologies, including, but not limited to, bidirectional charging, managed charging, and vehicle-grid integration, that can satisfy the requirements established pursuant to paragraph (1) and comply with the definitions and requirements established pursuant to Sections 44269.1 and 44269.2 of the Health and Safety Code.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(C)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Mechanisms to account for and measure compliance according to the potential different electrical grid service benefits provided by batteries of different capacities and different grid-integrated charging technology dynamics.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(D)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Vehicle manufacturer certification of compliance with this section and commission monitoring of compliance.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(E)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Minimum capacity of vehicle batteries necessary to
achieve the targets identified in paragraph (3) of subdivision (b).
</html:p>
<html:p>
(F)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Alternative compliance mechanisms to comply with the requirements, such as market-based mechanisms, software updates to enhance charging technology electrical grid benefits, and investments in electrical infrastructure upgrades to support grid-integrated charging adoption and performance, or other alternative compliance mechanisms that the commission determines will advance the purposes of this division.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(G)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Levels of production and delivery of zero-carbon electricity necessary, on an annual basis, to supply the grid-integrated vehicle technology and vehicle-grid integrated technology to be deployed in the state as a result of the requirements established pursuant to paragraph (1), in accordance with Article 16 (commencing with Section 399.11) of Chapter 2.3 of, and Article 1 (commencing with Section 451) of
Chapter 3 of, Part 1 of Division 1 of the Public Utilities Code, relating to retail electricity supply.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(H)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Any other requirements necessary or appropriate to carry out the goals of this section.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The commission may elect to adopt no requirement pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) for any particular weight class of vehicle if the commission determines that the target level for that weight class, identified pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (b), has been achieved.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(e)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The commission shall consult with the State Air Resources Board, the Public Utilities Commission, and other relevant local and state agencies in the development and implementation of standards pursuant to this section.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(f)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Before adopting the standards described in
subdivision (c), the commission shall conduct at least three public workshops to receive comments from the public and provide an opportunity for the public to provide written comments. The commission shall design the workshops to allow the public to participate from any location through the use of the internet or a call-in telephone number and shall keep official records of all comments received as part of the proceedings.
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