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<ns0:Id>20250SB__121098AMD</ns0:Id>
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<ns0:ActionText>INTRODUCED</ns0:ActionText>
<ns0:ActionDate>2026-02-19</ns0:ActionDate>
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<ns0:ActionText>AMENDED_SENATE</ns0:ActionText>
<ns0:ActionDate>2026-03-25</ns0:ActionDate>
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<ns0:AuthorText authorType="LEAD_AUTHOR">Introduced by Senator Weber Pierson</ns0:AuthorText>
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<ns0:Legislator>
<ns0:Contribution>LEAD_AUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
<ns0:House>SENATE</ns0:House>
<ns0:Name>Weber Pierson</ns0:Name>
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<ns0:Title> An act to amend Sections 186.34, 186.35, and 186.36 of the Penal Code, relating to criminal gangs.</ns0:Title>
<ns0:RelatingClause>criminal gangs</ns0:RelatingClause>
<ns0:GeneralSubject>
<ns0:Subject>Gang databases.</ns0:Subject>
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<html:p>Existing law, the California Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention Act (act), provides specified punishments for certain crimes committed for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with a criminal street gang, as specified. The act defines a “shared gang database” as a database accessed by a law enforcement agency that designates a person as a gang member or associate, or includes or points to information, including, but not limited to, fact-based or uncorroborated information, that reflects a designation of that person as a gang member or associate that is accessed by an agency or person outside of the agency that created the records that populate the database. Existing law requires the Department of Justice to regulate and oversee any shared gang databases in which California law
enforcement agencies, participate, as specified.</html:p>
<html:p>This bill would remove the term “shared gang database” and make the provisions under the act applicable to all gang databases, regardless of whether a gang database is accessed by an agency or person outside of the agency that created the database. The bill would make specified regulations applicable to all gang databases beginning on January 1, 2027. </html:p>
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<ns0:Preamble>The people of the State of California do enact as follows:</ns0:Preamble>
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<ns0:Num>SECTION 1.</ns0:Num>
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Section 186.34 of the
<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:Num>186.34.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
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For purposes of this section and Sections 186.35 and 186.36, the following definitions apply:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
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“Criminal street gang” means an ongoing organized association, or group of three or more persons, whether formal or informal, having as one of its primary activities the commission of crimes enumerated in paragraph (1)
of subdivision (e) of Section 186.22 who have a common identifying sign, symbol, or name, and whose members individually or collectively engage in or have engaged in a pattern of definable criminal activity.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
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“Gang database” means any database accessed by a law enforcement agency that designates a person as a gang member or associate, or includes or points to information, including, but not limited to, fact-based or uncorroborated information, that reflects a designation of that person as a gang member or associate.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
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“Law enforcement agency” means a governmental agency or a subunit of a governmental agency, and its authorized support staff and contractors, whose primary function is detection, investigation, or apprehension of criminal offenders, or whose primary duties include detention, pretrial release, posttrial release, correctional supervision, or the
collection, storage, or dissemination of criminal history record information.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
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Notwithstanding subdivision (a), the following are not subject to this section, or Sections 186.35 and 186.36:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Databases that designate persons as gang members or associates using only criminal offender record information, as defined in Section 13102, or information collected pursuant to Section 186.30.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
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Databases accessed solely by jail or custodial facility staff for classification or operational decisions in the administration of the facility.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
To the extent a local law enforcement agency elects to utilize a gang
database prior to a local law enforcement agency designating a person as a suspected gang member, associate, or affiliate in a
gang database, or submitting a document to the Attorney General’s office for the purpose of designating a person in a gang database, or otherwise identifying the person in a gang database, the local law enforcement agency shall provide written notice to the person, and shall, if the person is under 18 years of age, provide written notice to the person and the person’s parent or guardian, of the designation and the basis for the designation, unless providing that notification would compromise an active criminal investigation or compromise the health or safety of the minor.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
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The notice described in paragraph (1) shall describe the process for the person, or, if the person is under 18 years of age, for the person’s parent or guardian, or an
attorney working on behalf of the person, to contest the designation of the person in the database. The notice shall also inform the person of the reason for the person’s designation in the database.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
(A)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A person, or, if the person is under 18 years of age, the person’s parent or guardian, or an attorney working on behalf of the person, may request information of any law enforcement agency as to whether the person is designated as a suspected gang member, associate, or affiliate in a gang database accessible by that law enforcement agency and the name of the law enforcement agency that made the designation. A request pursuant to this paragraph shall be in writing.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(B)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
If a person about whom information is requested pursuant to subparagraph
(A) is designated as a suspected gang member, associate, or affiliate in a
gang database by that law enforcement agency, the person making the request may also request information as to the basis for the designation for the purpose of contesting the designation as described in subdivision (e).
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The law enforcement agency shall provide information requested under paragraph (1), unless doing so would compromise an active criminal investigation or compromise the health or safety of the person if the person is under 18 years of age.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
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The law enforcement agency shall respond to a valid request pursuant to paragraph (1) in writing to the person making the request within 30 calendar days of receipt of the request.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(e)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Subsequent to the notice described in subdivision (c) or the law enforcement agency’s response to an information request described in subdivision (d), the
person designated or to be designated as a suspected gang member, associate, or affiliate, or the person’s parent or guardian if the person is under 18 years of age, may submit written documentation to the local law enforcement agency contesting the designation. The local law enforcement agency shall review the documentation, and if the agency determines that the person is not a suspected gang member, associate, or affiliate, the agency shall remove the person from the gang database. The local law enforcement agency shall provide the person and, if the person is under 18 years of age, the person’s parent or guardian, with written verification of the agency’s decision within 30 days of submission of the written documentation contesting the designation. If the law enforcement agency denies the request for removal, the notice of its determination shall state the reason for the denial. If the law enforcement agency does
not provide a verification of the agency’s decision within the required 30-day period, the request to remove the person from the gang database shall be deemed denied. The person or, if the person is under 18 years of age, the person’s parent or guardian may petition the court to review the law enforcement agency’s denial of the request for removal and order the law enforcement agency to remove the person from the gang database pursuant to Section 186.35.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(f)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Nothing in this section shall require a local law enforcement agency to disclose any information protected under Section 1040 or 1041 of the Evidence Code or any provision listed in Section 7920.505 of the Government Code.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 2.</ns0:Num>
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Section 186.35 of the
<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:Num>186.35.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A person who is listed by a law enforcement agency in a gang database as a gang member, suspected gang member, associate, or affiliate and who has contested their designation pursuant to subdivision (e) of Section 186.34, may petition the court to review the law enforcement agency’s denial of the request for removal and to order the law enforcement agency to remove the person from the gang database. The petition may be brought by the person or
the person’s attorney, or if the person is under 18 years of age, by their parent or guardian or an attorney on behalf of the parent or guardian.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The petition shall be filed and served within 90 calendar days of the agency’s mailing or personal service of the verification of the decision to deny the request for removal from the gang database or the date that the request is deemed denied under subdivision (e) of Section 186.34. A proceeding under this subdivision is not a criminal case. The petition shall be filed in either the superior court of the county in which the local law enforcement agency is located or, if the person resides in California, in
the county in which the person resides. A copy of the petition shall be served on the agency in person or by first-class mail. Proof of service of the petition on the agency shall be filed in the superior court. For purposes of computing the 90-calendar-day period, Section 1013 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall be applicable.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The evidentiary record for the court’s determination of the petition shall be limited to the agency’s statement of the basis of its designation made pursuant to subdivision (c) or (d) of Section 186.34, and the documentation provided to the agency by the person contesting the designation pursuant to subdivision (e) of Section 186.34.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
If, upon de novo review of the record and any arguments presented to the court, the court finds that the law enforcement agency has failed to establish the person’s active gang membership, associate status, or
affiliate status by clear and convincing evidence, the court shall order the law enforcement agency to remove the name of the person from the
gang database.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(e)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The fee for filing the petition is as provided in Section 70615 of the Government Code. The court shall notify the person of the appearance date by mail or personal delivery. The court shall retain the fee under Section 70615 of the Government Code regardless of the outcome of the petition. If the court finds in favor of the person, the amount of the fee shall be reimbursed to the person by the agency.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 3.</ns0:Num>
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Section 186.36 of the
<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:LawSection id="id_114795A4-3DFD-47C3-AF5B-AB35525F4A8A">
<ns0:Num>186.36.</ns0:Num>
<ns0:LawSectionVersion id="id_9E86EB30-FFBA-48D9-8F42-E58BF7BD480F">
<ns0:Content>
<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The Department of Justice is responsible for establishing regulations for gang databases. All gang databases shall comply with those regulations.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The regulations set forth in Chapter 7.6 of Division 1 of Title 11 of the California Code of Regulations, or any successor regulations thereto, shall constitute compliance with this subdivision.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Commencing January 1, 2027, the regulations in Chapter 7.6 of Division 1 of Title 11 of the California Code of Regulations, or any successor regulations thereto, shall apply to all gang databases, regardless of whether such databases are accessed by an agency or person outside of the agency that created the database.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The department shall administer and oversee the CalGang database. Commencing January 1, 2018, the CalGang Executive Board shall not administer or oversee the CalGang database.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The department shall establish the Gang Database Technical Advisory Committee.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Each appointee to the committee, regardless of the appointing authority, shall have the following characteristics:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Substantial prior knowledge of issues related to gang intervention, suppression, or prevention efforts.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Decisionmaking authority for, or direct access to those who have decisionmaking authority for, the agency or organization he or she represents.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A willingness to serve on the committee and a commitment to contribute to the committee’s work.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(e)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The membership of the committee shall be as follows:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The Attorney General, or
their designee.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The President of the California District Attorneys Association, or their designee.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The President of the California Public Defenders Association, or their designee.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(4)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A representative of organizations that specialize in gang violence intervention, appointed by the Senate Committee on Rules.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(5)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A representative of organizations that provide immigration services, appointed by the Senate Committee on Rules.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(6)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The President of the California Gang Investigators Association, or their designee.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(7)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A representative of community organizations that specialize in civil or human rights, appointed by the Speaker of the Assembly.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(8)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A person who has personal experience with a gang database as someone who is or was impacted by gang labeling, appointed by the Speaker of the Assembly.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(9)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The chairperson of the California Gang Node Advisory Committee, or their designee.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(10)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The President of the California Police Chiefs Association, or their designee.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(11)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The President of the California State Sheriffs’ Association, or their
designee.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(f)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The committee shall appoint a chairperson from among the members appointed pursuant to subdivision (e). The chairperson shall serve in that capacity at the pleasure of the committee.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(g)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Each member of the committee who is appointed pursuant to this section shall serve without compensation.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(h)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
If a committee member is unable to adequately perform their duties,
the committee member is subject to removal from the board by a majority vote of the full committee.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(i)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A vacancy on the committee as a result of the removal of a member shall be filled by the appointing authority of the removed member within 30 days of the vacancy.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(j)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Committee meetings are subject to the Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act (Article 9 (commencing with Section 11120) of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code).
</html:p>
<html:p>
(k)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The department, with the advice of the committee, shall promulgate regulations governing the use, operation, and oversight of gang databases. The regulations issued by the department shall, at minimum, ensure the following:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The system integrity of a
gang database.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
All law enforcement agency and criminal justice agency personnel who access a gang database undergo comprehensive and standardized training on the use of gang databases and related policies and procedures.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Proper criteria are established for supervisory reviews of all database entries and regular reviews of records entered into a gang database.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(4)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Reasonable measures are taken to locate equipment related to the operation of a
gang database in a secure area in order to preclude access by unauthorized personnel.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(5)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Law enforcement agencies and criminal justice agencies notify the department of any missing equipment that could potentially compromise a gang database.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(6)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Personnel authorized to access a gang database are limited to sworn law enforcement personnel, nonsworn law enforcement support personnel, or noncriminal justice technical or maintenance personnel, including information technology and information security staff and contract employees, who have been subject to character or security clearance and who have received approved training.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(7)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Any records contained in a gang database are not disclosed for employment or military screening purposes.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(8)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Any records contained in a gang database are not disclosed for purposes of enforcing federal immigration law, unless required by state or federal statute or regulation.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(9)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The committee does not discuss or access individual records contained in a gang database.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(l)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The regulations issued by the department shall include, but not be limited to, establishing the following:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Policies and procedures for entering, reviewing, and purging documentation.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Criteria for designating a person as a gang member or associate that are unambiguous, not overbroad, and consistent with empirical research on gangs and gang membership.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Retention periods for information about a person in a
gang database that is consistent with empirical research on the duration of gang membership.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(4)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Criteria for designating an organization as a criminal street gang and retention periods for information about criminal street gangs.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(5)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Policies and procedures for notice to a person in a gang database. This includes policies and procedures for when notification would compromise an active criminal investigation or the health or safety of a minor.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(6)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Policies and procedures for responding to an information request, a request for removal, or a petition for removal under Sections 186.34 and 186.35, respectively. This includes policies and procedures for a request or petition that could compromise an active criminal
investigation or the health or safety of a minor.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(7)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Policies and procedures for sharing information from a gang database with a federal agency, multistate agency, or agency of another state that is otherwise denied access. This includes sharing of information with a partner in a joint task force.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(8)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Implementation of supervisory review procedures and periodic record reviews by law enforcement agencies and criminal justice agencies, and reporting of the results of those reviews to the department.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(m)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Gang databases shall be
used and operated in compliance with all applicable state and federal regulations, statutes, and guidelines. These include Part 23 of Title 28 of the Code of Federal Regulations and the department’s Model Standards and Procedures for Maintaining Criminal Intelligence Files and Criminal Intelligence Operational Activities.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(n)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The department, with the advice of the committee, no later than January 1, 2020, shall promulgate regulations to provide for periodic audits of each CalGang node and user agency to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and proper use of the CalGang database. The department shall mandate the purge of any information for which a user agency cannot establish adequate support.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(o)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The department, with the advice of the committee, shall develop and implement standardized periodic training for everyone with access to the CalGang database.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(p)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Commencing February 15, 2018, and annually on February 15 thereafter, the department shall publish an annual report on the CalGang database.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The report shall include, in a format developed by the department, that contains, by ZIP Code, referring agency, race, gender, and age, the following information for each user agency:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(A)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The number of persons included in the CalGang database on the day of reporting.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(B)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The number of persons added to the CalGang database during the immediately preceding 12 months.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(C)
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The number of requests for removal of information about a person from the CalGang database pursuant to Section 186.34 received during the immediately preceding 12 months.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(D)
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The number of requests for removal of information about a person from the CalGang database pursuant to Section 186.34 that were granted during the immediately preceding 12 months.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(E)
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The number of petitions for removal of information about a person from the CalGang database pursuant to Section 186.35 adjudicated in the immediately preceding 12 months, including their dispositions.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(F)
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The number of persons whose information was removed from the CalGang database due to the expiration of a retention period during the immediately preceding 12 months.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(G)
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The number of times an agency did not provide notice or documentation described in Section 186.34 because providing that notice or documentation would compromise an active criminal investigation, in the
immediately preceding 12 months.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(H)
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The number of times an agency did not provide notice or documentation described in Section 186.34 because providing that notice or documentation would compromise the health or safety of the designated minor, in the immediately preceding 12 months.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
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The report shall include the results from each user agency’s periodic audit conducted pursuant to subdivision (n).
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
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The department shall post the report on the department’s
internet website.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(4)
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The department shall invite and assess public comments following the report’s release, and each report shall summarize public comments received on prior reports and the actions taken in response to comments.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(q)
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The department shall instruct all user agencies to review the records of criminal street gang members entered into a gang database to ensure the existence of proper support for each criterion for entry in the gang database.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(r)
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(1)
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The department shall instruct each CalGang node agency to purge from a
gang database any record of a person entered into the database designated as a suspected gang member, associate, or affiliate that does not meet criteria for entry or whose entry was based upon the following criteria: jail classification, frequenting gang neighborhoods, or on the basis of an untested informant. Unsupported criteria shall be purged and the records of a person shall be purged if the remaining criteria are not sufficient to support the person’s designation.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
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After the purge is completed, the gang database shall be examined using a statistically valid sample, pursuant to professional auditing standards to ensure that all fields in the database are accurate.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(s)
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(1)
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Commencing January 1, 2018, any
gang database operated by law enforcement in California including, but not limited to, the CalGang database, shall be under a moratorium. During the moratorium, data shall not be added to the database. Data in the database shall not be accessed by participating agencies or shared with other entities. The moratorium on a gang database shall not be lifted until the Attorney General certifies that the purge required in subdivision (r) has been completed. After the purge has been completed and before the department adopts the regulations required by this section, new data may be entered, provided the new data meets the criteria established by the conditions of the purge.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
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The department shall not use regulations developed pursuant to this section to invalidate data entries entered prior to the adoption of those regulations.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(t)
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The department shall be responsible for overseeing gang database system discipline and conformity with all applicable state and federal regulations, statutes, and guidelines.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(u)
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The department may enforce a violation of a state or federal law or regulation with respect to a gang database, or a violation of regulation, policy, or procedure established by the department pursuant to this title by any of the following methods:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
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Letter of censure.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
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Temporary suspension of access privileges to the
gang database system.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
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Revocation of access privileges to the gang database system.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(v)
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The department shall temporarily suspend access to a
gang database system or revoke access to a gang database system for any individual who shares information from a gang database for employment or military screening purposes.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(w)
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The department shall temporarily suspend access to a gang database system or revoke access to a gang database system for an individual who shares information from a gang database for federal immigration law purposes, unless required by state or federal statute or regulation.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(x)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The department shall ensure that the
gang database user account of an individual is disabled if the individual no longer has a need or right to access a gang database because the individual has separated from their employment with a user agency or for another reason.
</html:p>
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