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<ns0:Id>20250SB__113099INT</ns0:Id>
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<ns0:ActionText>INTRODUCED</ns0:ActionText>
<ns0:ActionDate>2026-02-17</ns0:ActionDate>
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<ns0:SessionYear>2025</ns0:SessionYear>
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<ns0:AuthorText authorType="LEAD_AUTHOR">Introduced by Senator Reyes</ns0:AuthorText>
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<ns0:Legislator>
<ns0:Contribution>LEAD_AUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
<ns0:House>SENATE</ns0:House>
<ns0:Name>Reyes</ns0:Name>
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<ns0:Title> An act to amend Sections 631, 632, 632.5, 632.6, 632.7, 633, 633.1, 633.5, and 634 of, and to add Sections 632.8 and 632.9 to, the Penal Code, relating to crimes.</ns0:Title>
<ns0:RelatingClause>crimes</ns0:RelatingClause>
<ns0:GeneralSubject>
<ns0:Subject>Crimes: invasion of privacy: wearable recording devices.</ns0:Subject>
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<html:p>Existing law prohibits tapping a communication wire or intercepting or recording a telephone communication, as specified, without the consent of all parties, and prohibits trespassing on property for the purpose of committing, or attempting to commit, a violation of those prohibitions. A violation of those provisions is punishable by a fine not exceeding $2,500, by imprisonment as either a misdemeanor or a felony, or by both the fine and imprisonment, unless otherwise exempted. If that person has previously been convicted of a violation of any of the above-described laws, except for the prohibition on trespassing, a violation of any of those provisions is punishable by a fine not exceeding $10,000, by imprisonment as either a misdemeanor or a felony, or by both the fine and imprisonment.</html:p>
<html:p>This bill would additionally prohibit a person from
operating a wearable recording device, as defined, to capture sound or video of any other person in any area within a place of business, as defined, where the person has a reasonable expectation of privacy unless the person operating the device has the explicit consent of that person to capture sound or video of that person. The bill would prohibit a person from disabling any light or other device on a wearable recording device that indicates that the device is capturing sound or video. The bill would prohibit a person or entity from manufacturing, selling, delivering, holding, or offering for sale in commerce any technology that enables a person to disable any light or other device on a wearable recording device that indicates that the device is capturing sound or video and would prohibit a person from purchasing, trading for, otherwise acquiring, or using that technology, as specified.</html:p>
<html:p>The bill would make a violation of these provisions punishable by a fine not
exceeding $2,500, by imprisonment as either a misdemeanor or a felony, or by both the fine and imprisonment. If that person has previously been convicted of a violation of any of the prohibitions described above, the bill would make a violation of these provisions punishable by a fine not exceeding $10,000, by imprisonment as either a misdemeanor or a felony, or by both the fine and imprisonment. The bill would make a violation of the prohibitions in this bill applicable to the enhanced fine for a subsequent violation of any of the prohibitions described above, except for the prohibition on trespassing, and would make the exemptions from the provisions described above applicable to violations of the bill’s prohibitions.</html:p>
<html:p>By creating new crimes, the bill would impose a state-mandated local program.</html:p>
<html:p>The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs
mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.</html:p>
<html:p>This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.</html:p>
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<ns0:Preamble>The people of the State of California do enact as follows:</ns0:Preamble>
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<ns0:Num>SECTION 1.</ns0:Num>
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Section 631 of the
<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:Num>631.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
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Any person who, by means of any machine, instrument, or contrivance, or in any other manner, intentionally taps, or makes any unauthorized connection, whether physically, electrically, acoustically, inductively, or otherwise, with any telegraph or telephone wire, line, cable, or instrument, including the wire, line, cable, or instrument of any internal telephonic communication system, or who willfully and without the consent of all parties to the communication, or in any unauthorized manner, reads, or attempts to read, or to learn the contents or meaning of any message, report, or communication while the same is in transit or passing over any wire, line, or cable, or is being sent from, or received at any place within this state; or who uses, or attempts to use, in any manner, or for any purpose, or to communicate in any way,
any information so obtained, or who aids, agrees with, employs, or conspires with any person or persons to unlawfully do, or permit, or cause to be done any of the acts or things mentioned above in this section, is punishable by a fine not exceeding two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500), or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by both a fine and imprisonment in the county jail or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170. If the person has previously been convicted of a violation of this section or Section 632, 632.5, 632.6, 632.7, 632.8, 632.9, or 636, the offense is punishable by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
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<html:p>
(b)
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This section shall not apply to any of the following:
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<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Any public utility, or telephone company, engaged in the business of providing communications services and facilities, or to the officers, employees or agents thereof, where the acts otherwise prohibited herein are for the purpose of construction, maintenance, conduct or operation of the services and facilities of the public utility or telephone company.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The use of any instrument, equipment, facility, or service furnished and used pursuant to the tariffs of a public utility.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Any telephonic communication system used for communication exclusively within a state, county, city and county, or city correctional facility.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
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For
purposes of this section, “telephone company” is defined in paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) of Section 638.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
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Except as proof in an action or prosecution for violation of this section, no evidence obtained in violation of this section shall be admissible in any judicial, administrative, legislative, or other proceeding.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 2.</ns0:Num>
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Section 632 of the
<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:LawSection id="id_15A6C7CB-365C-46F2-BB79-419DDFF3FBF8">
<ns0:Num>632.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A person who, intentionally and without the consent of all parties to a confidential communication, uses an electronic amplifying or recording device to eavesdrop upon or record the confidential communication, whether the communication is carried on among the parties in the presence of one another or by means of a telegraph, telephone, or other device, except a radio, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500) per violation, or imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment. If the person has previously been convicted of a violation of this section or Section 631, 632.5, 632.6, 632.7, 632.8, 632.9, or 636, the
person shall be punished by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000) per violation, by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
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<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
For the purposes of this section, “person” means an individual, business association, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, or other legal entity, and an individual acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of any government or subdivision thereof, whether federal, state, or local, but excludes an individual known by all parties to a confidential communication to be overhearing or recording the communication.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
For the purposes of this section, “confidential communication” means any communication carried on in circumstances as may reasonably indicate that any party to the communication desires it to be confined to the parties thereto, but
excludes a communication made in a public gathering or in any legislative, judicial, executive, or administrative proceeding open to the public, or in any other circumstance in which the parties to the communication may reasonably expect that the communication may be overheard or recorded.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Except as proof in an action or prosecution for violation of this section, evidence obtained as a result of eavesdropping upon or recording a confidential communication in violation of this section is not admissible in any judicial, administrative, legislative, or other proceeding.
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<html:p>
(e)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
This section does not apply (1) to any public utility engaged in the business of providing communications services and facilities, or to the officers, employees, or agents thereof, if the acts otherwise prohibited by this section are for the purpose of construction, maintenance, conduct, or operation of the
services and facilities of the public utility, (2) to the use of any instrument, equipment, facility, or service furnished and used pursuant to the tariffs of a public utility, or (3) to any telephonic communication system used for communication exclusively within a state, county, city and county, or city correctional facility.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(f)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
This section does not apply to the use of hearing aids and similar devices, by persons afflicted with impaired hearing, for the purpose of overcoming the impairment to permit the hearing of sounds ordinarily audible to the human ear.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 3.</ns0:Num>
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Section 632.5 of the
<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:LawSection id="id_EAB94956-4848-4341-AB3C-3CB3A11D7567">
<ns0:Num>632.5.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Every person who, maliciously and without the consent of all parties to the communication, intercepts, receives, or assists in intercepting or receiving a communication transmitted between cellular radio telephones or between any cellular radio telephone and a landline telephone shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500), by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment. If the person has been previously convicted of a violation of this section or Section 631, 632, 632.6, 632.7, 632.8, 632.9, or 636, the person shall be punished by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), by imprisonment in the
county jail not exceeding one year or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
In the following instances, this section shall not apply:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
To any public utility engaged in the business of providing communications services and facilities, or to the officers, employees, or agents thereof, where the acts otherwise prohibited are for the purpose of construction, maintenance, conduct, or operation of the services and facilities of the public utility.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
To the use of any instrument, equipment, facility, or service furnished and used pursuant to the tariffs of the public utility.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
To any telephonic communication system used for communication exclusively within a state, county, city and county, or city correctional facility.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
As used in this section and Section 635, “cellular radio telephone” means a wireless telephone authorized by the Federal Communications Commission to operate in the frequency bandwidth reserved for cellular radio telephones.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 4.</ns0:Num>
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Section 632.6 of the
<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:LawSection id="id_799DB1DF-B6BA-44EF-8785-2070E7B91BC6">
<ns0:Num>632.6.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Every person who, maliciously and without the consent of all parties to the communication, intercepts, receives, or assists in intercepting or receiving a communication transmitted between cordless telephones as defined in subdivision (c), between any cordless telephone and a landline telephone, or between a cordless telephone and a cellular telephone shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500), by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment. If the person has been convicted previously of a violation of Section 631, 632, 632.5, 632.7, 632.8, 632.9, or 636, the person shall be punished by a fine not
exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
This section shall not apply in any of the following instances:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
To any public utility engaged in the business of providing communications services and facilities, or to the officers, employees, or agents thereof, where the acts otherwise prohibited are for the purpose of construction, maintenance, conduct, or operation of the services and facilities of the public utility.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
To the use of any instrument, equipment, facility, or service furnished and used pursuant to the tariffs of the public utility.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
To any telephonic communications system used for communication exclusively
within a state, county, city and county, or city correctional facility.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
As used in this section and in Section 635, “cordless telephone” means a two-way low power communication system consisting of two parts—a “base” unit which connects to the public switched telephone network and a handset or “remote” unit—which are connected by a radio link and authorized by the Federal Communications Commission to operate in the frequency bandwidths reserved for cordless telephones.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 5.</ns0:Num>
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Section 632.7 of the
<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:Num>632.7.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Every person who, without the consent of all of the parties to a communication, intercepts or receives and intentionally records, or assists in the interception or reception and intentional recordation of, a communication transmitted between two cellular radio telephones, a cellular radio telephone and a landline telephone, two cordless telephones, a cordless telephone and a landline telephone, or a cordless telephone and a cellular radio telephone, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500), or by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment. If the person has been convicted previously of a violation of this section or of Section 631, 632, 632.5, 632.6,
632.8, 632.9,
or 636, the person shall be punished by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
This section shall not apply to any of the following:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Any public utility, or telephone company, engaged in the business of providing communications services and facilities, or to the officers, employees, or agents thereof, where the acts otherwise prohibited are for the purpose of construction, maintenance, conduct, or operation of the services and facilities of the public utility or telephone company.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The use of any instrument, equipment, facility, or service furnished and used pursuant to the tariffs of the public utility.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Any telephonic communication system used for communication exclusively within a state, county, city and county, or city correctional facility.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
For purposes of this section, “telephone company” is defined in paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) of Section 638.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
As used in this section, each of the following terms have the following meaning:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Cellular radio telephone” means a wireless telephone authorized by the Federal Communications Commission to operate in the frequency bandwidth reserved for cellular radio telephones.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Cordless telephone” means a two-way, low power communication system consisting of two parts, a “base” unit which connects to the public switched telephone network and a handset or “remote” unit, that are
connected by a radio link and authorized by the Federal Communications Commission to operate in the frequency bandwidths reserved for cordless telephones.
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<html:p>
(3)
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“Communication” includes, but is not limited to, communications transmitted by voice, data, or image, including facsimile.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 6.</ns0:Num>
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Section 632.8 is added to the
<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
, to read:
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<ns0:LawSection id="id_C500B2DF-C5B9-4AF1-9EE1-2996CA979C85">
<ns0:Num>632.8.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
For purposes of this section and Section 632.9, the following terms have the following meanings:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Place of business” means any physical office or retail establishment in which members of the public receive goods or services from the business.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Wearable recording device” means any device that can be worn on or attached to the body that has the capacity to make sound or video recordings or transmit data received by the device to another device or to the internet.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
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A person shall not operate a wearable recording device to capture sound or video of any other person in any area within a place of business
where the person has a reasonable expectation of privacy unless the person operating the device has the explicit consent of that person to capture sound or video of that person.
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<html:p>
(c)
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A person shall not disable any light or other device on a wearable recording device that indicates that the device is capturing sound or video.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
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A violation of this section is punishable by a fine not exceeding two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500) per violation, or imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment. If the person has previously been convicted of a violation of this section or Section 631, 632.5, 632.6, 632.7, 632.9, or 636, the person shall be punished by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000) per violation, by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or in the state prison, or by both
that fine and imprisonment.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 7.</ns0:Num>
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Section 632.9 is added to the
<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
, to read:
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<ns0:Num>632.9.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
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A person or entity shall not manufacture, sell, deliver, hold, or offer for sale in commerce in this state any technology that enables a person to disable any light or other device on a wearable recording device that indicates that the device is capturing sound or video.
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<html:p>
(b)
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A person in this state shall not purchase, trade for, or otherwise acquire the technology described in subdivision (a).
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
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A person in this state shall not use any technology to permanently or temporarily disable any light or other device on a wearable recording device that indicates that the device is capturing sound or video if the device would otherwise indicate that it is capturing sound or video.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
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A violation of this section is punishable by a fine not exceeding two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500) per violation, or imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment. If the person has previously been convicted of a violation of this section or Section 631, 632.5, 632.6, 632.7, 632.8, or 636, the person shall be punished by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000) per violation, by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 8.</ns0:Num>
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Section 633 of the
<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:Num>633.</ns0:Num>
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(a)
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Nothing in Section 631, 632, 632.5, 632.6, 632.7, 632.8, or 632.9 prohibits the Attorney General, any district attorney, or any assistant, deputy, or investigator of the Attorney General or any district attorney, any officer of the California Highway Patrol, any peace officer of the Office of Internal Affairs of the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, any chief of police, assistant chief of police, or police officer of a city or city and county, any sheriff, undersheriff, or deputy sheriff regularly employed and paid in that capacity by a county, police officer of the County of Los Angeles, or any person acting pursuant
to the direction of one of these law enforcement officers acting within the scope of their authority, from overhearing or recording any communication that they could lawfully overhear or record prior to January 1, 1968.
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<html:p>
(b)
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Nothing in Section 631, 632, 632.5, 632.6, 632.7, 632.8, or 632.9 renders inadmissible any evidence obtained by the above-named persons by means of overhearing or recording any communication that they could lawfully overhear or record prior to January 1, 1968.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 9.</ns0:Num>
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Section 633.1 of the
<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:LawSection id="id_49920F78-F575-43CD-AC78-CEF3CFD54461">
<ns0:Num>633.1.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
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Nothing in Section 631, 632, 632.5, 632.6, 632.7, 632.8, or 632.9 prohibits any person regularly employed as an airport law enforcement officer, as described in subdivision (d) of Section 830.33, acting within the scope of their authority, from recording any communication which is received on an incoming telephone line, for which the person initiating the call utilized a telephone number known to the public to be a means of
contacting airport law enforcement officers. In order for a telephone call to be recorded under this subdivision, a series of electronic tones shall be used, placing the caller on notice that their telephone call is being recorded.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Nothing in Section 631, 632, 632.5, 632.6, 632.7, 632.8, or 632.9 renders inadmissible any evidence obtained by an officer described in subdivision (a) if the evidence was received by means of recording any communication which is received on an incoming public telephone line, for which the person initiating the call
utilized a telephone number known to the public to be a means of contacting airport law enforcement officers.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
This section shall only apply to airport law enforcement officers who are employed at an airport which maintains regularly scheduled international airport service and which maintains permanent facilities of the United States Customs Service.
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<ns0:BillSection id="id_CF870E7B-B3F9-4638-9B47-BD9B146226E1">
<ns0:Num>SEC. 10.</ns0:Num>
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Section 633.5 of the
<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:LawSection id="id_1B56D3FC-1AF9-4F1B-9519-1FD75E3F73EC">
<ns0:Num>633.5.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>Sections 631, 632, 632.5, 632.6, 632.7, 632.8, and 632.9 do not prohibit one party to a confidential communication from recording the communication for the purpose of obtaining evidence reasonably believed to relate to the commission by another party to the communication of the crime of extortion, kidnapping, bribery, any felony involving violence against the person, including, but not limited to, human trafficking, as defined in Section 236.1, or a violation of Section 653m, or domestic violence as defined in Section 13700. Sections 631, 632, 632.5, 632.6,
632.7, 632.8, and 632.9 do not render any evidence so obtained inadmissible in a prosecution for extortion, kidnapping, bribery, any felony involving violence against the person, including, but not limited to, human trafficking, as defined in Section 236.1, a violation of Section 653m, or domestic violence as defined in Section 13700, or any crime in connection therewith.</html:p>
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 11.</ns0:Num>
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Section 634 of the
<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:LawSection id="id_9426C409-3DFA-4C3D-A6F2-7DD0CB04D2BE">
<ns0:Num>634.</ns0:Num>
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<ns0:Content>
<html:p>Any person who trespasses on property for the purpose of committing any act, or attempting to commit any act, in violation of Section 631, 632, 632.5, 632.6, 632.7, 632.8, 632.9, or 636 shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500), by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment. If the person has previously been convicted of a violation of this section or Section 631, 632, 632.5, 632.6, 632.7, 632.8, 632.9, or 636, the person shall be punished by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), by imprisonment in the county
jail not exceeding one year or in the state prison, or by both that fine and imprisonment.</html:p>
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 12.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIII
<html:span class="ThinSpace"/>
B of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIII
<html:span class="ThinSpace"/>
B of the California Constitution.
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