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<ns0:ActionText>INTRODUCED</ns0:ActionText>
<ns0:ActionDate>2026-02-20</ns0:ActionDate>
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<ns0:SessionYear>2025</ns0:SessionYear>
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<ns0:AuthorText authorType="LEAD_AUTHOR">Introduced by Assembly Member Alvarez</ns0:AuthorText>
<ns0:AuthorText authorType="PRINCIPAL_COAUTHOR_OPPOSITE">(Principal coauthor: Senator Cortese)</ns0:AuthorText>
<ns0:AuthorText authorType="COAUTHOR_ORIGINATING">(Coauthor: Assembly Member Bonta)</ns0:AuthorText>
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<ns0:Legislator>
<ns0:Contribution>LEAD_AUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
<ns0:Name>Alvarez</ns0:Name>
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<ns0:Contribution>PRINCIPAL_COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
<ns0:House>SENATE</ns0:House>
<ns0:Name>Cortese</ns0:Name>
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<ns0:Contribution>COAUTHOR</ns0:Contribution>
<ns0:House>ASSEMBLY</ns0:House>
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<ns0:Title> An act to amend Sections 66010.4 and 66046 of, to amend and renumber Section 66046.3 of, to add Sections 66046.3 and 66046.4 to, and to repeal and add Sections 66046.1 and 66046.2 of, the Education Code, relating to public postsecondary education. </ns0:Title>
<ns0:RelatingClause>public postsecondary education</ns0:RelatingClause>
<ns0:GeneralSubject>
<ns0:Subject>California State University: doctoral programs.</ns0:Subject>
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<html:p>Existing law establishes the California State University (CSU), under the administration of the Trustees of the California State University, and the University of California (UC), under the administration of the Regents of the University of California, as 2 of the segments of public postsecondary education in the state. Existing law provides for the missions and functions of these segments and vests the UC with the sole authority in public higher education to award doctoral degrees in all fields of learning, except that the CSU may award doctoral degrees jointly, with, among others, independent institutions of higher education if the proposed doctoral program is approved by the California Postsecondary Education Commission.</html:p>
<html:p>This bill would authorize the CSU to jointly award doctoral degrees with independent institutions of higher education without
the approval of the California Postsecondary Education Commission.</html:p>
<html:p> Existing law authorizes the CSU, in consultation with the office of the President of the University of California, to award professional or applied doctoral degrees statewide that do not duplicate UC doctoral degrees and that meet certain requirements. Existing law requires a CSU campus seeking authorization to offer a professional or applied doctoral degree program to submit to the office of the Chancellor of the California State University certain nonduplication documentation, enrollment projections, an administrative plan, and statewide workforce data. Existing law requires the chancellor to notify, in writing, and to send relevant materials on the proposed doctoral program to, the president’s office and the President of the Association of Independent California Colleges and Universities to allow for consultation on issues of duplication. Existing law prohibits the trustees from approving for
implementation a proposed doctoral program if the president’s office provided written objections on the basis of duplication within 120 days of notice and receipt of materials for the proposed doctoral program unless and until a letter indicating resolution of the objections and a mutual agreement, signed by the chancellor and the president, is submitted to certain legislative committees. Existing law limits the total number of professional or applied doctoral degree programs offered by a CSU campus to 25% of the total number of undergraduate, graduate through the master’s degree, and professional and teacher education programs offered by the CSU campus.</html:p>
<html:p>This bill would authorize the CSU to award doctoral degrees statewide without limiting it to professional or applied doctoral degrees that do not duplicate UC doctoral degrees. The bill would revise the information a CSU campus seeking to offer a doctoral degree program is required to submit for review by the
chancellor’s office and approval by the trustees. The bill would repeal the requirements related to consulting with the president’s office and submitting information to the president’s office and the President of the Association of Independent California Colleges and Universities to allow for consultation on issues of duplication. The bill would remove the president’s office’s authority to object to a proposed doctoral program on the basis of duplication. The bill would also repeal the limit on the total number of doctoral degree programs that may be offered by a CSU campus. The bill would also make conforming changes. </html:p>
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<ns0:VoteRequired>MAJORITY</ns0:VoteRequired>
<ns0:Appropriation>NO</ns0:Appropriation>
<ns0:FiscalCommittee>YES</ns0:FiscalCommittee>
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<ns0:Preamble>The people of the State of California do enact as follows:</ns0:Preamble>
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<ns0:Num>SECTION 1.</ns0:Num>
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Section 66010.4 of the
<ns0:DocName>Education Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:Num>66010.4.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>The missions and functions of California’s public and independent segments, and their respective institutions of higher education, shall be differentiated as follows:</html:p>
<html:p>
(a)
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(1)
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The California Community Colleges shall, as a primary mission, offer academic and vocational instruction at the lower division level for both younger and older students, including those persons returning to school. Public community colleges shall offer instruction through but not beyond the second year of college. These institutions may grant the associate in arts and the associate in science degree.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
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The community colleges’ mission shall include all of the following:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(A)
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The provision of instruction and additional learning supports to close learning gaps for those who need it, instruction in English as a second language, adult noncredit instruction, and support services that help students succeed at the postsecondary level.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(B)
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The provision of adult noncredit education curricula in areas defined as being in the state’s interest is an essential and important function of the community colleges.
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<html:p>
(C)
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The provision of community services courses and programs is an authorized function of the community colleges if their provision is compatible with an institution’s ability to meet its obligations in its primary missions.
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<html:p>
(D)
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The provision of student support services to facilitate academic success and achievement.
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<html:p>
(3)
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A primary mission of the California Community Colleges is to advance California’s economic growth and global competitiveness through education, training, and services that contribute to continuous workforce improvement.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(4)
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The California Community Colleges may conduct institutional research concerning student learning and retention, and community college programming to facilitate its educational mission.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(5)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The provision of instruction and support to close learning gaps authorized by subparagraph (A) of paragraph (2) shall be provided in the form of concurrent support, unless college data and research demonstrates that even with concurrent support a student is highly unlikely to succeed in the course.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The California State University shall offer undergraduate and
graduate instruction through the master’s degree in the liberal arts and sciences and professional education, including teacher education. Notwithstanding any other law, undergraduate and graduate degrees may be awarded jointly with international institutions of higher education. Presently established two-year programs in agriculture are authorized, but other two-year programs shall be permitted only when mutually agreed upon by the Trustees of the California State University and the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The doctoral degree may be awarded jointly, as follows:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(A)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
With the University of California, as provided in subdivision (c) and pursuant to Section 66904.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(B)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
With one or more independent institutions of higher
education.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(C)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
With international institutions of higher education if the doctoral degree program has been authorized pursuant to Article 4.92 (commencing with Section 66046).
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Research, scholarship, and creative activity in support of its undergraduate and graduate instructional mission is authorized in the California State University and shall be supported by the state.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(4)
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The primary mission of the California State University is undergraduate and graduate instruction through the master’s degree.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The University of California may provide undergraduate and graduate instruction in the liberal arts and sciences and in the professions, including the teaching professions. It shall have exclusive jurisdiction in
public higher education over instruction in the profession of law and over graduate instruction in the professions of medicine, dentistry, and veterinary medicine. It has the sole authority in public higher education to award the doctoral degree in all fields of learning, except that it may agree with the California State University to award joint doctoral degrees in selected fields. The University of California shall be the primary state-supported academic agency for research.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The independent institutions of higher education shall provide undergraduate and graduate instruction and research in accordance with their respective missions.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 2.</ns0:Num>
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Section 66046 of the
<ns0:DocName>Education Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended to read:
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<ns0:Num>66046.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>As used in this article, the following definitions apply:</html:p>
<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Chancellor” means the Chancellor of the CSU.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Chancellor’s office” means the office of the chancellor.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“CSU” means the California State University.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Doctoral degree” means the highest level of academic or professional degree awarded by a postsecondary educational institution, signifying completion of advanced study and scholarship beyond the master’s level. “Doctoral degree” includes both research and scholarship and professional or applied doctorates consistent with accreditation standards and statewide workforce and innovation needs.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(e)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Proposed doctoral program” means a proposed doctoral degree program at the CSU pursuant to this article.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(f)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Trustees” means the Trustees of the CSU.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(g)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“UC” means the University of California.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 3.</ns0:Num>
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Section 66046.1 of the
<ns0:DocName>Education Code</ns0:DocName>
is repealed.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 4.</ns0:Num>
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Section 66046.1 is added to the
<ns0:DocName>Education Code</ns0:DocName>
, to read:
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<ns0:Num>66046.1.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>The Legislature finds and declares all of the following:</html:p>
<html:p>
(a)
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Since its adoption in 1960, the Master Plan for Higher Education established distinct missions for California’s public higher education systems including the UC as the state’s principal public research institution with broad doctoral authority, and the CSU as primarily responsible for undergraduate and master’s education. Limited authority has been extended in recent years for the CSU to offer doctoral degrees in professional or applied fields. While this authority represented progress, it is narrow and does not reflect the reality of California’s substantial economic and workforce needs.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
California’s economy depends on a broad and
diverse base of trained professionals, including, but not limited to, scientists, engineers, educators, and innovators who possess the highest level of expertise across a wide range of disciplines. Restricting the CSU to a narrow subset of doctoral programs and degree types unintentionally constrains the state’s ability to meet current workforce demand and limits access for qualified Californians seeking advanced education and training within their own regions.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
California’s workforce and innovation ecosystem has evolved dramatically over the past six decades. Employers in sectors including biotechnology, data science, education, sustainability, healthcare, and public policy increasingly require high-level training to drive discovery and applied solutions. Yet, California continues to underproduce doctoral graduates relative to the population, especially in growing industries, forcing students, particularly students from underrepresented and
working-class backgrounds, to leave California or forgo advanced study entirely. Clarifying and expanding CSU authority to offer all doctoral degrees, including doctor of philosophy degrees, known as PhDs, where there is a demonstrated unmet need, is essential to building a homegrown, diverse, and research-capable workforce that strengthens regional economies, meets the need of California’s employers, and fulfils the state’s longstanding commitment to educational equity and social mobility.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
California currently underproduces doctoral-level researchers, educators, and professionals relative to its economic scale and projected workforce needs. This shortage constrains the state’s ability to fill critical roles in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and healthcare, education, and policy, thereby limiting California’s innovation capacity and resilience. Authorizing the CSU, which has broad presence across the state of California,
to expand doctoral offerings will directly increase the production of high-skilled professionals in these regions who contribute to research, discovery, and the competitiveness of California’s economy.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(e)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Granting the CSU authority to offer all doctoral degrees, including, but not limited to, doctoral degrees in areas of unmet demand, will do all of the following:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Expand statewide capacity for research and innovation by leveraging the CSU’s broad geographic reach and strong partnerships with industry and local communities.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Reduce barriers for California students who currently must leave the state or enroll in costly private institutions to pursue doctoral study.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Retain and cultivate talent within California’s diverse regions, fueling
economic growth and workforce stability.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(4)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Advance equity by expanding access to doctoral education for underrepresented and place-bound students, ensuring that advanced education and research opportunities are available to all Californians, regardless of geography or background.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(f)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The CSU has developed the scholarly and research capacity necessary to sustain independent doctoral education, and multiple CSU campuses have done so successfully in specific fields for decades. CSU faculty engage extensively in research, grants, and innovation partnerships, and many CSU campuses already operate successful joint doctoral degree programs with the UC and private universities. This demonstrated record of academic excellence and institutional readiness affirms the CSU’s ability to independently offer high-quality doctoral programs aligned with state and regional workforce priorities and
unmet demand.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(g)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Limiting the CSU to professional and applied doctoral degrees or specified degree types is shortsighted in an economy where discovery-based and interdisciplinary research form the foundation for applied innovation in fields as diverse as health, education, and engineering. The artificial separation between applied and research fields unnecessarily restricts California’s capacity to offer the programs it needs to respond to emerging technological, scientific, and social needs. Empowering the CSU, the state’s largest university system, to confer the full range of doctoral degrees will modernize the state’s higher education framework, ensuring alignment with national and global trends in knowledge production and workforce development.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(h)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The review and objection authority granted to the UC over CSU doctoral degree proposals entrenches institutional gatekeeping and
conflicts with the Legislature’s longstanding commitment to system evolution. Removing this barrier will address this remaining inequity and allow the responsive and timely design of degrees that reflect regional workforce and community needs and advance the state’s collective mission to expand access to high-quality, research-informed education for all Californians.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 5.</ns0:Num>
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Section 66046.2 of the
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is repealed.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 6.</ns0:Num>
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Section 66046.2 is added to the
<ns0:DocName>Education Code</ns0:DocName>
, to read:
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<ns0:Num>66046.2.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p> Notwithstanding subdivision (c) of Section 66010.4, the CSU may award doctoral degrees statewide. In implementing this authority, the CSU shall comply with all of the following requirements:</html:p>
<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Enrollment in CSU doctoral degree programs established pursuant to this article shall not diminish or displace CSU undergraduate enrollment.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The CSU shall establish fees for doctoral degree programs established pursuant to this article that shall be no higher than those fees charged for UC doctoral programs.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The CSU shall provide all startup and operational funding needed for doctoral degree programs established pursuant to this article
from within existing budgets for academic program support and without reducing the quality of core undergraduate or master’s programs.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 7.</ns0:Num>
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Section 66046.3 of the
<ns0:DocName>Education Code</ns0:DocName>
is amended and renumbered to read:
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<ns0:Num>66046.5.</ns0:Num>
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<ns0:Content>
<html:p>
(a)
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The Legislative Analyst’s Office shall conduct a statewide evaluation of the doctoral degree programs authorized pursuant to this article.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
On or before December 31, 2028, the Legislative Analyst’s Office shall submit a report, pursuant to Section 9795 of the Government Code, to the Legislature and the Governor on the results of the evaluation.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The evaluation and report shall include, but are not limited to, all of the following information on the doctoral degree
programs authorized pursuant to this article:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(A)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The number of CSU campuses that proposed doctoral degree programs.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(B)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The types of doctoral degree programs proposed by CSU campuses.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(C)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The number of doctoral degree programs approved by the trustees.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(D)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The number of doctoral degree programs implemented.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(E)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Enrollment and completion information on implemented doctoral degree programs.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(F)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The impact of expanded doctoral degrees at the CSU pursuant to this article on the accessibility, quality, and affordability of higher education in California.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The report described in paragraph (1) shall include information on the impact of expanded doctoral
education at the CSU on the accessibility, quality, and affordability of higher education in California.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Pursuant to Section 10231.5 of the Government Code, this section shall become inoperative on December 31, 2030, and as of January 1, 2031, is repealed.
</html:p>
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<ns0:BillSection id="id_39BDE831-F777-450A-A54E-1E2661346DEE">
<ns0:Num>SEC. 8.</ns0:Num>
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Section 66046.3 is added to the
<ns0:DocName>Education Code</ns0:DocName>
, to read:
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<ns0:Fragment>
<ns0:LawSection id="id_7E70EAC1-5C80-4DA7-9F39-D600EE26F5AE">
<ns0:Num>66046.3.</ns0:Num>
<ns0:LawSectionVersion id="id_889BE060-B41D-4219-A22B-07EF901AEE08">
<ns0:Content>
<html:p>A CSU campus seeking to offer a doctoral degree program pursuant to this article shall submit all of the following for review by the chancellor’s office, and approval by the trustees:</html:p>
<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A detailed description of the proposed program and curriculum and academic justification for the proposed program.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Evidence of clear demand, employment projections, and regional workforce or knowledge needs.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(c)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A financial plan for resources, including faculty, laboratories, library, and support facilities.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
An enrollment projection and plan for sustaining quality.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(e)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A description of how the program would complement or differentiate from existing public or private doctoral programs in the state.
</html:p>
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<ns0:BillSection id="id_CD1CB3A0-E070-4284-8591-5766ADDEFA1E">
<ns0:Num>SEC. 9.</ns0:Num>
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Section 66046.4 is added to the
<ns0:DocName>Education Code</ns0:DocName>
, to read:
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<ns0:Fragment>
<ns0:LawSection id="id_5329DFD5-859D-4ADC-915E-BF27AD9B4FA9">
<ns0:Num>66046.4.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The trustees may approve implementation of a proposed doctoral program and authorize it to be offered at one or more CSU campus.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
The trustees shall not approve more than 10 new doctoral degree programs pursuant to this article per academic year.
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