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<ns0:ActionText>INTRODUCED</ns0:ActionText>
<ns0:ActionDate>2026-02-05</ns0:ActionDate>
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<ns0:AuthorText authorType="LEAD_AUTHOR">Introduced by Assembly Member Ta</ns0:AuthorText>
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<ns0:Name>Ta</ns0:Name>
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<ns0:Title> An act to add Section 367 to the Penal Code, relating to crimes. </ns0:Title>
<ns0:RelatingClause>crimes</ns0:RelatingClause>
<ns0:GeneralSubject>
<ns0:Subject>Crimes: unlawful use of DNA.</ns0:Subject>
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<html:p>Existing law, the Genetic Information Privacy Act, requires a direct-to-consumer genetic testing company, as defined, to provide a consumer with certain information regarding the company’s policies and procedures for the collection, use, maintenance, and disclosure, as applicable, of genetic data, and to obtain a consumer’s express consent for collection, use, or disclosure of the consumer’s genetic data, as specified.</html:p>
<html:p>This bill would make a person guilty of unlawful use of DNA in the first degree, a felony, if they intentionally and without express consent sell or otherwise transfer another individual’s DNA sample or genetic data to a third party, as specified.</html:p>
<html:p>The bill would make a person guilty of unlawful use of DNA in the second degree, a felony, if they intentionally and without express consent
submit another individual’s DNA for genetic testing, conduct or procure the conducting of genetic testing of another individual’s DNA, or disclose another individual’s genetic data to a third party, except as specified.</html:p>
<html:p>The bill would make a person guilty of unlawful use of DNA in the third degree, a misdemeanor, if they collect or retain another individual’s DNA sample with the intent to perform a DNA analysis or if they collect or retain another individual’s DNA sample or genetic information by accessing a computer system either without authorization or by exceeding their authorized access to the computer system.</html:p>
<html:p>The bill would exempt specified uses from its provisions, including use by law enforcement and institutes of higher education. By creating a new crime, this bill would impose a state-mandated local program.</html:p>
<html:p>The California Constitution requires the state to
reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.</html:p>
<html:p>This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.</html:p>
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<ns0:Preamble>The people of the State of California do enact as follows:</ns0:Preamble>
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<ns0:Num>SECTION 1.</ns0:Num>
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Section 367 is added to the
<ns0:DocName>Penal Code</ns0:DocName>
, to read:
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<ns0:Num>367.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
(a)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
For the purposes of this section, the following terms have the following meanings:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“DNA” means deoxyribonucleic acid.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
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“DNA sample” means a human biological specimen from which DNA can be extracted or the DNA extracted from a specimen.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Express consent” means authorization by the person whose DNA is to be extracted or analyzed or that person’s legal guardian or authorized representative.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(4)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
(A)
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“Genetic data” means any data derived from analysis of a biological sample that concerns a consumer’s genetic characteristics
and that may include, but is not limited to, any of the following formats or sources:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(i)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Raw data that results from sequencing all or a portion of a consumer’s extracted DNA.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(ii)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Genotypic and phenotypic information obtained from analyzing a consumer’s raw sequence data.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(iii)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Health information self-reported by the consumer to a genetic testing company to be used by the company in connection with analyzing the consumer’s raw sequence data or for product development or scientific research.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(B)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Genetic data does not include deidentified data.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(5)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
“Genetic testing” means laboratory testing of a consumer’s biological sample to analyze DNA, including, but not limited to, chromosomes and
single nucleotide polymorphisms in order to derive and interpret genetic data.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(b)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
For the purposes of this section, a person may not provide express consent unless they have received a clear and prominent disclosure regarding the manner of collection, use, retention, or disclosure of a DNA sample or genetic data for a specific purpose. A person may provide express consent by any affirmative action demonstrating an intentional decision.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
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A single provision of express consent may authorize every instance of a specified purpose or use.
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<html:p>
(c)
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(1)
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Except as provided in subdivision (g), a person commits the crime of unlawful use of DNA in the first degree if they intentionally and without express consent sell or otherwise transfer another individual’s DNA sample or genetic
data to a third party, regardless of whether the original DNA sample was originally collected, retained, or analyzed with express consent.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A violation of this subdivision is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for three, four, or five years, or by a fine not to exceed fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(d)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Except as provided in subdivision (g), a person commits the crime of unlawful use of DNA in the second degree if they intentionally and without express consent do any of the following:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(A)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Submit another individual’s DNA sample for genetic testing.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(B)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Conduct or procure the conducting of genetic testing of
another individual’s DNA.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(C)
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Except as provided in paragraph (2), disclose another individual’s genetic data to a third party.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A person who discloses another person’s genetic data that was previously voluntarily disclosed by the person whose DNA was tested, the person’s legal guardian, or the person’s authorized representative does not violate this subdivision.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
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A violation of this subdivision is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months or two or three years, or by a fine not to exceed seven thousand five-hundred dollars ($7,500), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(e)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Except as provided in subdivision (g), a person commits the crime of unlawful use of
DNA in the third degree if they do either of the following:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(A)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Collect or retain another individual’s DNA sample with the intent to perform a DNA analysis.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(B)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
Collect or retain another individual’s DNA sample or genetic information by accessing a computer system either without authorization or by exceeding their authorized access to the computer system.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A violation of this subdivision is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for up to one year, or by a fine not to exceed six thousand dollars ($6,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(f)
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Each instance of collection or retention, submission or analysis, or disclosure in violation of this act constitutes a separate violation.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(g)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
This section does not apply to any of the following:
</html:p>
<html:p>
(1)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A DNA sample or genetic information used by law enforcement, a district attorney, or the Attorney General for law enforcement purposes, including, but not limited to, pursuant to Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 295).
</html:p>
<html:p>
(2)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A DNA sample or genetic information collected, obtained, or presented as evidence in a criminal investigation or criminal court hearing, presented to a grand jury, or presented as evidence in a criminal trial, including criminal discovery, as required by law.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(3)
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A DNA sample or genetic information collected to comply with a subpoena, summons, other lawful court order, or federal law.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(4)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A direct-to-consumer genetic testing company that complies with Chapter
2.6 (commencing with Section 56.18) of Part 2.6 of Division 1 of the Civil Code.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(5)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A covered entity or business associate, as those terms are defined in Parts 160 and 164 of Title 45 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
</html:p>
<html:p>
(6)
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
<html:span class="EnSpace"/>
A public or private institution of higher education or any entity owned or operated by a public or private institution of higher education.
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<ns0:Num>SEC. 2.</ns0:Num>
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<html:p>
No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIII
<html:span class="ThinSpace"/>
B of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIII
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B of the California Constitution.
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